Thermodynamics, Helmholtz free energy, Legendre transformation

In summary, the Helmholtz free energy of a system is given by F(T,V) = -\frac{VT^2}{3}. To calculate the energy U(S,V) with a Legendre transformation, we use the equations F = U - TS and S = -\left(\frac{\partial F}{\partial T}\right)_V. By substituting S = -\frac{2}{3}VT into the expression for U, we get U = -VT^2. To obtain a function of U that depends on S and V, we can express T as a function of S and V and substitute it into the expression for U.
  • #1
SoggyBottoms
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Homework Statement



The Helmholtz free energy of a certain system is given by [itex]F(T,V) = -\frac{VT^2}{3}[/itex]. Calculate the energy U(S,V) with a Legendre transformation.


Homework Equations



F = U - TS
[itex]S = -\left(\frac{\partial F}{\partial T}\right)_V[/itex]


The Attempt at a Solution



We have [itex]U = -\frac{VT^2}{3} + TS[/itex]. S is given by [itex]S = -\left(\frac{\partial F}{\partial T}\right)_V = -\frac{2}{3}VT[/itex]. Then:

[itex]U = -\frac{VT^2}{3} - \frac{2}{3}VT^2 = -VT^2 [/itex]

Now I didn't end up with a function U that depends on S and V, but on V and T instead. Should I somehow describe T in terms of S instead? If so, how can I do that?
 
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  • #2
SoggyBottoms said:

Homework Equations



F = U - TS
[itex]S = -\left(\frac{\partial F}{\partial T}\right)_V[/itex]

The Attempt at a Solution



We have [itex]U = -\frac{VT^2}{3} + TS[/itex]. S is given by [itex]S = -\left(\frac{\partial F}{\partial T}\right)_V = -\frac{2}{3}VT[/itex]. Then:
Check the sign of S: it is 2/3 VT .
Having this relation between T, V and S, express T as function of S and V and substitute into the expression for U.

ehild
 

Related to Thermodynamics, Helmholtz free energy, Legendre transformation

1. What is thermodynamics?

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, energy, and work. It involves the study of how energy is converted from one form to another, and how it affects the properties of matter.

2. What is Helmholtz free energy?

Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential that represents the maximum amount of useful work that can be extracted from a thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and volume. It is denoted by the symbol F and is defined as the difference between the internal energy of a system and the product of its temperature and entropy.

3. What is the Legendre transformation?

The Legendre transformation is a mathematical tool used in thermodynamics to transform functions of one set of independent variables into functions of another set of independent variables. In the context of thermodynamics, it is used to convert functions of the state variables (such as temperature and volume) into functions of the natural variables (such as entropy and internal energy).

4. How is Helmholtz free energy related to the Legendre transformation?

The Helmholtz free energy is obtained by applying the Legendre transformation to the internal energy of a system. This allows us to express the free energy in terms of the natural variables of the system, making it a more useful quantity for studying thermodynamic processes.

5. What are some practical applications of thermodynamics, Helmholtz free energy, and the Legendre transformation?

Thermodynamics, Helmholtz free energy, and the Legendre transformation have many practical applications, including the design and optimization of engines and power plants, the study of chemical reactions and phase transitions, and the development of new materials and technologies. They are also used in fields such as meteorology, astrophysics, and biochemistry to understand and predict the behavior of complex systems.

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