Three points on the Complex plane

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In summary, "Three points on the Complex plane" discusses the representation of complex numbers as points in a two-dimensional space, where the horizontal axis represents the real part and the vertical axis represents the imaginary part. It highlights how the geometric arrangement of these points can illustrate relationships between them, such as distances and angles, which are fundamental in complex analysis. Additionally, the paper may explore the implications of these configurations in various mathematical contexts, such as transformations and functions in the complex plane.
  • #1
Hill
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Homework Statement
Find the geometric configuration of the points a, b, and c if (see equation below)
Relevant Equations
(b-a)/(c-a)=(a-c)/(b-c)
##arg((b-a)/(c-a))## is an angle between ##ab## and ##ac##.
##arg((a-c)/(b-c))## is an angle between ##ca## and ##cb##.
For them to be equal, ##b## has to be equidistant from ##a## and ##c##, i.e. ##|b-a|=|b-c|##.

Then the equation for distances becomes, ##|b-a|/|c-a|=|c-a|/|b-a|##.
Thus, ##|c-a|=|b-a|=|b-c|##.

My answer, equilateral triangle.

Are there other possibilities or constrains?
 
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  • #2
Write [tex]
(a- b)(b - c) = (a - c)^2 = (a - b + b - c)^2.[/tex] If [itex]a - b = A[/itex] and [itex]b - c = B[/itex] then [tex]\begin{split}
AB &= (A + B)^2 \\
0 &= A^2 + AB + B^2 \end{split}[/tex] which has solution [tex]
A = e^{\pm i \pi/3} B[/tex] so that the angle between [itex]A[/itex] and [itex]B[/itex] is [itex]\frac{\pi}3[/itex] and [itex]|A| = |B|[/itex].

However, since [itex]a = b + A[/itex] and [itex]c = b - B[/itex] the angle between [itex]a - b[/itex] and [itex]c - b[/itex] is actually [itex]\frac{2\pi}3[/itex], which is not equilateral. Rather, it is isoceles with angles [itex]\frac{\pi}6[/itex], [itex]\frac{\pi}6[/itex] and [itex]\frac{2\pi}3[/itex] and sides [itex]|A|[/itex], [itex]|A|[/itex] and [itex]\sqrt{3}|A|[/itex].
 
  • #3
pasmith said:
Write [tex]
(a- b)(b - c) = (a - c)^2 = (a - b + b - c)^2.[/tex] If [itex]a - b = A[/itex] and [itex]b - c = B[/itex] then [tex]\begin{split}
AB &= (A + B)^2 \\
0 &= A^2 + AB + B^2 \end{split}[/tex] which has solution [tex]
A = e^{\pm i \pi/3} B[/tex] so that the angle between [itex]A[/itex] and [itex]B[/itex] is [itex]\frac{\pi}3[/itex] and [itex]|A| = |B|[/itex].

However, since [itex]a = b + A[/itex] and [itex]c = b - B[/itex] the angle between [itex]a - b[/itex] and [itex]c - b[/itex] is actually [itex]\frac{2\pi}3[/itex], which is not equilateral. Rather, it is isoceles with angles [itex]\frac{\pi}6[/itex], [itex]\frac{\pi}6[/itex] and [itex]\frac{2\pi}3[/itex] and sides [itex]|A|[/itex], [itex]|A|[/itex] and [itex]\sqrt{3}|A|[/itex].
If ##|a - b| = |b-c| = |A|## and ##|a-c|=\sqrt{3}|A|##, then the first equation, $$(a- b)(b - c) = (a - c)^2$$ makes $$|A||A|=3|A|^2$$ -?
 
  • #4
pasmith said:
Write
[tex]
(a- b)(b - c) = (a - c)^2 = (a - b + b - c)^2.[/tex] If [itex]a - b = A[/itex] and [itex]b - c = B[/itex] then [tex]\begin{split}
AB &= (A + B)^2 \\
0 &= A^2 + AB + B^2 \end{split}[/tex] which has solution [tex]
A = e^{\pm i \pi/3} B[/tex] so that the angle between [itex]A[/itex] and [itex]B[/itex] is [itex]\frac{\pi}3[/itex] and [itex]|A| = |B|[/itex].
Isn't the solution to the quadratic ##A = B\left(\frac{-1}2 \pm \frac {\sqrt 3} 2 i\right)##? Or in polar form ##A = Be^{\pm i \frac{2\pi} 3}##?

Also, I suspect that the triangle is isosceles, of which equilateral is a special case, but I haven't worked out a counterexample.
 
  • #5
Mark44 said:
I suspect that the triangle is isosceles, of which equilateral is a special case
As ##|A|=|B|##, the first equation becomes ##|A|^2=|C|^2##. Thus ##|C|=|A|##, i.e., the triangle is equilateral.
 
  • #6
Yes, it should be [itex]A = Be^{\pm 2\pi i/3}[/itex], making the triangle equilateral: the interior angle at [itex]b[/itex] is [itex]\frac{\pi}3[/itex] and [itex]|a - b| = |c - b|[/itex].
 
  • #7
pasmith said:
Yes, it should be [itex]A = Be^{\pm 2\pi i/3}[/itex], making the triangle equilateral: the interior angle at [itex]b[/itex] is [itex]\frac{\pi}3[/itex] and [itex]|a - b| = |c - b|[/itex].
Thank you for the clear derivation.
 

FAQ: Three points on the Complex plane

What are the coordinates of points on the complex plane?

In the complex plane, each point is represented by a complex number of the form z = x + yi, where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part. The coordinates correspond to the point (x, y) on a Cartesian coordinate system, where the x-axis represents the real part and the y-axis represents the imaginary part.

How do you determine if three points are collinear in the complex plane?

To determine if three points represented by complex numbers z1, z2, and z3 are collinear, you can check if the area of the triangle formed by these points is zero. This can be done using the determinant method: if the expression Im((z2 - z1) / (z3 - z1)) = 0, then the points are collinear.

What does it mean for three points to form a triangle in the complex plane?

Three points in the complex plane form a triangle if they are not collinear. The triangle's vertices correspond to the three complex numbers, and its area can be calculated using the formula: Area = 0.5 * |Im((z2 - z1) * conjugate(z3 - z1))|, where Im denotes the imaginary part and conjugate refers to the complex conjugate.

Can three points on the complex plane represent a unique triangle?

Yes, three non-collinear points on the complex plane represent a unique triangle. Each set of three points defines a specific shape and orientation in the plane, characterized by its vertices and edges, unless the points are collinear, in which case they do not form a triangle.

How can I visualize three points on the complex plane?

You can visualize three points on the complex plane by plotting them on a Cartesian graph, where the x-axis represents the real part and the y-axis represents the imaginary part. Each point can be marked with a dot or symbol, and if they are not collinear, you can draw lines connecting them to illustrate the triangle they form.

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