Gauss's Law is one of the four Maxwell's equations in electromagnetism, which relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the electric charge enclosed within the surface.
The formula for Gauss's Law is written as ∮S E · dA = Qenc / ε0, where ∮S is the closed surface integral, E is the electric field, dA is the differential area element, Qenc is the electric charge enclosed, and ε0 is the permittivity of free space.
Gauss's Law is used to calculate the electric field at a point due to a given distribution of charges. It is also used to determine the electric flux through a closed surface, which is an important concept in understanding the behavior of electric fields.
Gauss's Law states that the total electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the total electric charge enclosed by the surface divided by the permittivity of free space. In other words, the electric field emanating from a charge is directly proportional to the amount of charge enclosed by a given surface.
Gauss's Law is named after the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss, who derived it in the early 19th century. He used his knowledge of mathematics and physics to develop this law, which has been crucial in understanding the behavior of electric fields and their relationship to charges.