Understanding Special Relativity and Coordinates

In summary, a coordinate is a map between a set of standard basis and a real vector space. The coordinates can be inertial or non-inertial, depending on the metric signature.
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lriuui0x0
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I'd like to get some help on checking my understanding of special relativity, specifically I'm trying to clarify the idea of coordinates. Any comment is really appreciated!

The spacetime is an affine space ##M^4##, which is associated with a 4 dimensional real vector space ##\mathbb{R}^4##. This vector space is abstract, and no basis is prechosen, so there's no canonical way to define what the coordinate might be.

There's a metirc g defined on the vector space ##\mathbb{R}^4##. This inner product has the property that for a particular set of basis, it has ##(+,−,−,−)## signature. Such a basis is a standard Cartesian basis, which is not unique.

The linear maps ##\mathbb{R}^4 \to \mathbb{R}^4## between the sets of standard basis form the Lorentz group. The affine maps ##M^4 \to M^4## between the set of standard basis form the Poincare group. All such maps have the metric signature ##(+, -, -, -)##.

Coordinates is a map ##M^4 \to \mathbb{R}^4## (here ##\mathbb{R}^4## means a four real number tuple, not an abstrct vector space). Any Cartesian basis at a point defines a Cartesian coordinates by defining the coordinates to be the components of the vector. The standard Cartesian coordinates defined as above is the same as the coordinates being inertial. Other coordinates are non-inertial, in which the metric components don't have ##(+, -, -, -)## signature.
 
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The signature of a fundamental form (it's a better word than "metric", because the "metric" in relativity is not really a metric, because it's not positive definite) is independent of the choice of basis.
 
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vanhees71 said:
The signature of a fundamental form (it's a better word than "metric", because the "metric" in relativity is not really a metric, because it's not positive definite) is independent of the choice of basis.
Fundamental form is already used in "the first and second fundamental forms".
 
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I guess that's where the naming comes from since Gauss's theory of curved surfaces is the paradigmatic example for the use of a differentiable manifold.
 
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Thanks for the checking!
 

FAQ: Understanding Special Relativity and Coordinates

What is special relativity?

Special relativity is a theory developed by Albert Einstein in 1905 that explains how objects move and interact in the absence of gravity. It is based on two main principles: the principle of relativity, which states that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers in uniform motion, and the principle of the constancy of the speed of light, which states that the speed of light is the same for all observers regardless of their relative motion.

How does special relativity affect our understanding of time and space?

Special relativity introduces the concept of spacetime, where time and space are not separate entities but are interconnected. It also explains how time and space are relative and can be perceived differently by different observers depending on their relative motion.

What is the role of coordinates in special relativity?

Coordinates are used to describe the position and motion of objects in space and time. In special relativity, coordinates are used to measure distances and time intervals between events, and they are affected by the relative motion of observers.

How does special relativity impact our understanding of energy and mass?

Special relativity states that energy and mass are equivalent and can be converted into each other through the famous equation E=mc². It also explains the concept of mass-energy equivalence, where mass can be converted into energy and vice versa.

Can special relativity be applied to everyday situations?

Yes, special relativity has been extensively tested and confirmed through various experiments and is used in many practical applications, such as GPS technology, particle accelerators, and nuclear power plants. However, its effects are only noticeable at very high speeds or in extreme gravitational fields.

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