Unique Solution for ODE y' = y^2/(x^2+y^2) | Region of Uniqueness

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In summary, the conversation discusses identifying the region where the differential equation y' = \frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2} will have a unique solution. The participants mention the use of a theorem and converting to polar coordinates to solve the equation, but are unsure of the exact domain of uniqueness. They suggest sketching and looking for specific solutions, such as y = ax, to gain a better understanding.
  • #1
aaronfue
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Homework Statement



Identify the region that the DE will have a unique solution.

y' = [itex]\frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}[/itex]

The Attempt at a Solution



[itex]\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}[/itex] = [itex]\frac{2x^y}{(x^2+y^2)^2}[/itex]

I'm a bit rusty with my domains, but here is what I've got.

x: (-∞, -2) U (2,-∞)
y: (-∞, -2) U (2,-∞)

I think that I'm missing something else!?
 
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  • #2
aaronfue said:
[itex]\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}[/itex] = [itex]\frac{2x^y}{(x^2+y^2)^2}[/itex]
I think you mean [itex]\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}[/itex] = [itex]\frac{2x^2y}{(x^2+y^2)^2}[/itex]
Beyond that I cannot help, as I am ignorant of this topic. Can you quote any theorems that help in determining a domain of uniqueness (as opposed to merely proving such a domain exists)?
 
  • #3
haruspex said:
I think you mean [itex]\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}[/itex] = [itex]\frac{2x^2y}{(x^2+y^2)^2}[/itex]
Beyond that I cannot help, as I am ignorant of this topic. Can you quote any theorems that help in determining a domain of uniqueness (as opposed to merely proving such a domain exists)?

I see the same goes for me. I've been reading this textbook with no luck or comprehension. There is a theorem, not exactly stated, but:

Given[itex]\frac{dy}{dx}[/itex] = f(x,y) with y(x) = yo, if f(x,y) and [itex]\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}[/itex] are continuous on an interval containing the initial point (xo, yo) then there is a unique function, y that satisfies the IVP.
 
  • #4
Yes, I think that's the theorem I found, and it only says there exists some interval around the point where the function is unique. It gives no clue as to how large that interval is.
fwiw, I believe I can solve the equation by converting to polar.
Have you tried sketching it? Looking for specific solutions (try y = ax)?
 

FAQ: Unique Solution for ODE y' = y^2/(x^2+y^2) | Region of Uniqueness

What is an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)?

An Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) is a mathematical equation that describes the relationship between a function and its derivatives. It is a type of differential equation that involves only one independent variable, such as time, and one or more dependent variables, such as position or temperature.

What is meant by the term "unique solutions" in relation to ODEs?

Unique solutions refer to the idea that there is only one solution to a given ODE that satisfies both the equation and any initial conditions that are specified. This means that the solution is not dependent on any arbitrary constants and is the only possible outcome for the given ODE.

Why is it important for ODEs to have unique solutions?

Having unique solutions for ODEs is important because it allows for a more accurate and precise understanding of the system being modeled. It ensures that there is only one possible outcome and eliminates the possibility of multiple solutions that may lead to conflicting conclusions. Unique solutions also provide a more stable and consistent framework for predicting future behavior of the system.

How can one determine if an ODE has a unique solution?

There are several ways to determine if an ODE has a unique solution. One method is to analyze the coefficients and initial conditions of the equation to see if they satisfy the conditions for existence and uniqueness. Another approach is to use the Picard-Lindelöf theorem, which states that if an ODE is continuous and satisfies certain Lipschitz conditions, then it has a unique solution. Additionally, numerical methods such as Euler's method can be used to approximate the unique solution of an ODE.

What are some real world applications of ODEs with unique solutions?

ODEs with unique solutions are used in a wide range of fields, including physics, engineering, biology, and economics. They are often used to model and predict the behavior of physical systems such as motion, heat transfer, and chemical reactions. In biology, ODEs with unique solutions can be used to model population growth and disease spread. In economics, they can be used to model financial markets and predict economic trends.

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