Using 4-derivative

  • #1
deuteron
61
13
Hi! I am trying to understand the object ##\partial^\mu##, and wanted to check if the result I am getting below is true.

The definition of ##\partial_\mu## is:

$$\partial_\mu = ( \frac \partial {\partial x^0} , \frac \partial {\partial x^1}, \frac \partial {\partial x^2},\frac \partial {\partial x^3})$$

We define ##\partial^\mu## as:

$$\partial^\mu = \eta^{\mu\nu}\partial_\nu = (\frac \partial {\partial x^0} , -\frac\partial {\partial x^1} , -\frac \partial {\partial x^2}, -\frac \partial {\partial x^3})$$

In this case, if we were to apply ##\partial^\mu## to ##x_\nu##, we would get:

$$\partial^\mu x_\nu = (\eta^{\mu\rho}\partial_\rho)x_\nu=\eta^{\mu\rho} \partial_\rho (\eta_{\nu\sigma} x^\sigma)$$

Since ##\eta##'s are just number, I rearrange the equation to be:

$$=\eta^{\mu\rho} \eta_{\nu\sigma} \partial_\rho x^\sigma$$

Here, my knowledge of indices and contraction ends and I try to think of the objects like matrices, in which case I write:

$$= \begin{bmatrix} 1&0&0&0\\ 0&-1&0&0\\0&0&-1&0\\0&0&0&-1\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 1&0&0&0\\ 0&-1&0&0\\0&0&-1&0\\0&0&0&-1\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} \frac {\partial x^0}{\partial x^0} & \frac {\partial x^1}{\partial x^0} & \frac {\partial x^2}{\partial x^0} & \frac {\partial x^3}{\partial x^0} \\ \frac {\partial x^0}{\partial x^1} & \frac {\partial x^1}{\partial x^1} & \frac {\partial x^2}{\partial x^1} & \frac {\partial x^3}{\partial x^1}\\ \frac {\partial x^0}{\partial x^2} & \frac {\partial x^1}{\partial x^2} & \frac {\partial x^2}{\partial x^2} & \frac {\partial x^3}{\partial x^2} \\ \frac {\partial x^0}{\partial x^3} & \frac {\partial x^1}{\partial x^3} & \frac {\partial x^2}{\partial x^3} & \frac {\partial x^3}{\partial x^3}\end{bmatrix} $$

Here, one can observe the last matrix reduces to the identity matrix, and the multiplication of two ##\eta##'s also reduces to the identity matrix, thus I get:

$$=\mathbb I$$

Are these steps correct?
 
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  • #2
It seems OK.
[tex]\partial^\mu x_\nu = \delta_\nu^\mu[/tex]
 
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  • #3
It looks ok. I would only comment that both ##\partial^\mu## and ##x_\mu## are somewhat artificial objects compared to the more natural ##\partial_\mu## and ##x^\mu##.

I much prefer actually writing out the metric.
 
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