Using energy considerations to analyse particle motion

In summary, the analysis of particle motion through energy considerations involves examining the relationships between kinetic and potential energy. By applying the principles of conservation of energy, one can predict the behavior of particles in various forces and fields. This approach allows for a simplified understanding of complex motion, enabling the calculation of trajectories and the identification of stable and unstable equilibrium points. Overall, energy considerations provide a powerful framework for analyzing and understanding the dynamics of particle motion in physics.
  • #1
I_Try_Math
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Homework Statement
(a) Sketch a graph of the potential energy function ## U(x) = \frac {kx^2} {2} + Ae^{-\alpha x^2} ## where k, A, and, ##\alpha## are constants. (b) What is the force corresponding to this potential energy? (c) Suppose a particle of mass m moving with this potential energy has a velocity ##v_a## when its position is x=a. Show that the particle does not pass through the origin unless ## A \leq \frac {mv^2_a + ka^2} {2(1 - e^{-\alpha a^2})} ##
Relevant Equations
## U(x) = \frac {kx^2} {2} + Ae^{-\alpha x^2} ##
For part (c) my understanding is that in this case for the particle to cross the origin it must have at least as much kinetic energy as there is potential energy at ##U(0) = A##. Given the potential energy and kinetic energy at any position x=a is equal to ## U(a) = \frac {ka^2} {2} + Ae^{-\alpha a^2} ## and ## \frac 1 2mv^2_a ## respectively, this implies that:



##A \leq \frac 1 2mv^2_a - \frac {ka^2} {2} - Ae^{-\alpha a^2} ##

##A + Ae^{-\alpha a^2} \leq \frac 1 2mv^2_a - \frac {ka^2} {2} ##

##A(1 + e^{-\alpha a^2}) \leq \frac 1 2(mv^2_a - ka^2) ##

##2A(1 + e^{-\alpha a^2}) \leq mv^2_a - ka^2)##

##A \leq \frac {mv^2_a - ka^2} {2(1 + e^{-\alpha a^2})}##

Can't tell where I'm making a mistake.
 
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  • #2
Why do you start with KE-PE rather than KE+PE?
 
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  • #3
Hill said:
Why do you start with KE-PE rather than KE+PE?
I guess I'm just getting confused. So supposing the particle goes through the origin, ##KE + PE \gt A##, correct?
 
  • #4
I_Try_Math said:
I guess I'm just getting confused. So supposing the particle goes through the origin, ##KE + PE \gt A##, correct?
The total energy is conserved: ##KE(a)+PE(a)=KE(0)+PE(0)=KE(0)+A##
 
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FAQ: Using energy considerations to analyse particle motion

What is the principle of conservation of energy in particle motion?

The principle of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time. In the context of particle motion, this means that the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of a particle remains constant if no external forces do work on the system.

How do you calculate the kinetic energy of a particle?

Kinetic energy (KE) of a particle is calculated using the formula KE = 1/2 * m * v^2, where m is the mass of the particle and v is its velocity. This formula quantifies the energy a particle possesses due to its motion.

What is potential energy and how is it related to particle motion?

Potential energy (PE) is the energy stored in a particle due to its position in a force field, such as a gravitational or electric field. In particle motion analysis, potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy and vice versa, but the total energy remains constant in the absence of non-conservative forces.

How can energy considerations simplify the analysis of particle motion?

Energy considerations can simplify the analysis of particle motion by allowing us to use the conservation of energy principle instead of solving complex equations of motion. By knowing the total energy, we can determine the velocity, position, or potential energy of the particle at different points without solving differential equations.

What role do non-conservative forces play in the energy analysis of particle motion?

Non-conservative forces, such as friction or air resistance, cause energy dissipation in the form of heat or other forms of energy, leading to a decrease in the total mechanical energy of the system. When these forces are present, the conservation of energy principle must account for the work done by these forces, often complicating the analysis.

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