Variation of Kinetic Energy with temperature

In summary, the total kinetic energy per unit volume in a monoatomic gas at standard temperature and pressure is 1.52x10^5 J/m^3. This kinetic energy varies with temperature if the pressure is maintained constant, with an expression of E_k = 3(nRT)/2. This is also equivalent to the kinetic energy of one mole of gas at a given volume, but allowance must be made for the change in the number of atoms per unit volume with the rise in temperature.
  • #1
johnconnor
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Question:

Find the total kinetic energy per unit volume in a monoatomic gas at standard temperature and pressure and deduce an expression for the variation of this kinetic energy with temperature if the pressure is maintained constant. [Standard pressure = 1.01E5 Pa]

Attempt:

Pressure of a gas
[itex]pV= \dfrac{N_A m <c>^2}{3V}V[/itex]
[itex]\dfrac{M<c>^2}{2} = 3pV/2[/itex]
where M = NAm
[itex]E_k /V = 3p/2[/itex]
[itex]E_k /V = 1.52x10^5 J/m^3[/itex]

Variation of this Ek with temperature is pressure is maintained constant:
[itex]E_k = 3pV/2[/itex]
[itex]E_k = 3(nRT)/2[/itex].

Comments: For the "Variation of this Ek with temperature is pressure is maintained constant", is that all that I should show? What other comments should I include to make my working more accurate?

The guide mentioned:
You can reach the same conclusion starting from kinetic energy = 3NkT/2, provided allowance is made for the fact that the number of atoms per unit volume will change.

How so? can anyone please explain the bold sentence to me? Thank you!
 
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  • #2
provided allowance is made for the fact that the number of atoms per unit volume will change.

Kinetic energy given by 3kNT/2 is for one mole of the gas at a given volume. So, I think that refers to the expansion of gas with the rise in temperature. The number of molecules per unit volume at a temperature T1 will be lesser that the number of molecules per unit volume at temperature T2 < T1.
 

FAQ: Variation of Kinetic Energy with temperature

What is the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature?

The kinetic energy of a substance is directly proportional to its temperature. As the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance also increases.

How does temperature affect the kinetic energy of molecules?

As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of molecules also increases. This is because higher temperatures cause the molecules to move faster and have more energy.

Why does kinetic energy increase with temperature?

The increase in temperature causes an increase in the average kinetic energy of particles because it provides them with more energy to move and vibrate.

What is the equation for calculating the kinetic energy of a substance at a given temperature?

The equation for calculating the kinetic energy of a substance is KE = 1/2 * m * v^2, where m is the mass of the particle and v is its velocity. This equation shows that the kinetic energy is directly proportional to the velocity of the particles, which increases with temperature.

How does the variation of kinetic energy with temperature affect the properties of a substance?

The variation of kinetic energy with temperature can affect the physical properties of a substance. For example, as the kinetic energy increases, the substance may expand or change phase from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. This is because the increased kinetic energy causes the particles to move farther apart and overcome intermolecular forces.

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