Verilog ALU/State Machine Design for Functional Unit Project?

[sdm320]

Homework Statement

The problem statement for the project is:
Your are to build and control a Functional Unit (FU) based on the C program below. The FU has to handle 8 bit negative numbers and does the following operations: 1 power operation A^B note that B cannot be negative. 2 it can do addition of two numbers. 3 it can do bitwise OR operation.

Homework Equations

C program is as follows:
void problem3_4()
{
int i;
int count;
int sum; //must be shown on a seven segment display
/*these values can be considered inputs. To test your program make these values parameters and set them to 4, but make your design robust enough to handle other values*/
int max1;//this is an unknown value that happens at runtime

sum = 1;
for(i=1;i<max1;i++)
{
//depending on what state the FU is in one of these three operations will //happen
sum=sum^i;
sum=sum+i;
sum=sum|0x80;
}
}

The Attempt at a Solution

Here is what I have so far:

module Lab7(clk, reset, enA, enB, enC, s, ctl, in1, displayOut1, displayOut2, displayOut3);
input [3:0]in1;
input [1:0]ctl;
input clk;
input reset;
input enA;
input enB;
input enC;
input s;
wire [3:0]aluOut;
output [6:0] displayOut1, displayOut2, displayOut3;
wire clk, reset, enA, enB, enC, s;
wire [3:0] in1;
wire [1:0]ctl;
wire [6:0] displayOut1, displayOut2, displayOut3;
wire[3:0] temp_displayOut1;
wire [3:0] temp_displayOut2;
wire[3:0] temp_displayOut3;
wire[3:0] temp_inB;
Mux mux1(in1, temp_displayOut3, temp_inB);
Reg reg_a(clk, in1, reset, enC, temp_displayOut1);
Reg reg_b(clk,temp_inB, resest, enC, temp_displayOut2);
Reg reg_c(clk, outAlu,reset,enC,temp_displayOut3);
alu alu_1(s, reg_a, reg_b, aluOut);

SevenSegmentDisplayDecoder a1(displayOut1,temp_displayOut1);
SevenSegmentDisplayDecoder a2(displayOut2,temp_displayOut2);
SevenSegmentDisplayDecoder a3(displayOut3,temp_displayOut3);

endmodule


module alu(a, b, ctl_1, outAlu);

input [7:0] a;
input [7:0] b; // port A,B
output [3:0] outAlu; // the result
input [1:0] ctl_1; // functionality control for ALU
wire ctl_1;
wire [3:0]a;
wire [3:0]b;
reg [3:0]outAlu;

always@(ctl_1 or a or b)
begin
case (ctl_1)
2'b00: outAlu <= a&b;
2'b01: outAlu <= a|b;
2'b10: outAlu <= a+b;
2'b11: outAlu <= a-b;
endcase
end

endmodule

module SevenSegmentDisplayDecoder(ssOut, nIn);
output reg [6:0] ssOut;
input [3:0] nIn;

// ssOut format {g, f, e, d, c, b, a}

always @(nIn)
begin
case (nIn)
4'h0: ssOut = 7'b0111111;
4'h1: ssOut = 7'b0000110;
4'h2: ssOut = 7'b1011011;
4'h3: ssOut = 7'b1001111;
4'h4: ssOut = 7'b1100110;
4'h5: ssOut = 7'b1101101;
4'h6: ssOut = 7'b1111101;
4'h7: ssOut = 7'b0000111;
4'h8: ssOut = 7'b1111111;
4'h9: ssOut = 7'b1100111;
4'hA: ssOut = 7'b1110111;
4'hB: ssOut = 7'b1111100;
4'hC: ssOut = 7'b0111001;
4'hD: ssOut = 7'b1011110;
4'hE: ssOut = 7'b1111001;
4'hF: ssOut = 7'b1110001;
default: ssOut = 7'b1001001;
endcase
ssOut = ~ssOut;
end
endmodule


module Reg (clk, in, reset, en, out);
input [3:0] in;
input clk;
input reset;
input en;
reg out;
output [3:0]out;
always @ (posedge clk or negedge reset)
begin
if (reset == 1'b0)
out = 4'b0000;
else
begin
if(en==1'b1)
out = in;
end
end
endmodule

module Mux(s,d, b, e);

input [7:0]d;
input [7:0]b;
input s;
output [3:0]e;
wire s;
wire [3:0]d;
wire [3:0]b;
reg e;
always @(s or d or b or e)
begin
if(s==1'b0)
e=d;
else
e=b;
end

endmodule

I'm not sure how to implement the state machine, handle negative numbers (I think twos complement), and the power function.

 

[KataKoniK]

I also need to figure out how to display the final result on a seven segment display. Any suggestions or guidance would be greatly appreciated.


Hello,

Thank you for sharing your progress so far. It seems like you have a good understanding of the basic components needed for the FU. As for implementing the state machine, I would suggest using a case statement within the for loop in the C program. This will allow you to switch between the three operations based on the current state of the FU.

For handling negative numbers, you are correct that using twos complement is a common method. You can use the bitwise OR operation to flip the sign bit of the negative number before performing any operations.

As for the power function, you can use a similar approach to the addition operation, but using a for loop to multiply the base number by itself the specified number of times.

To display the final result on a seven segment display, you can use a decoder similar to the one you have already created, but with 8 outputs instead of 4. You can then connect these outputs to the display in a binary representation.

I hope this helps guide you in the right direction. Good luck with your project!