Force carrying particles, also known as gauge bosons, are elementary particles that mediate the fundamental forces of nature. These particles are responsible for carrying and transmitting the forces between other particles.
The four fundamental forces of nature are gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. Each of these forces is mediated by a specific type of force carrying particle.
Force carrying particles work by exchanging energy and momentum between particles that interact through a particular force. They are constantly being exchanged between particles, creating a force that holds particles together or causes them to repel each other.
There are five types of force carrying particles: the photon for electromagnetism, the gluon for the strong nuclear force, the W and Z bosons for the weak nuclear force, and the graviton for gravity. Each particle has a specific mass, charge, and spin that determines its behavior and interactions.
Force carrying particles were discovered through experiments at particle accelerators, where scientists observed the interactions between particles and detected the exchange of these particles. The discovery of force carrying particles helped to explain the behavior of fundamental forces and furthered our understanding of the subatomic world.