What Are the Decay Dynamics of a Radioactive Substance Over Time?

  • Thread starter FinSanity
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In other words, the activity of a sample of this substance is about equal to the number of nuclei it contains, so the activity is about 10 mCi even after it's decayed by a factor of 0.6. Finally, for part (c), the activity after 30 hours is related to N byA = (1.04·10^13 nuclei)·(3.7·10^10 Bq/nuclei)·e^(-3.547·10^-5 sec^-1·30 hr·(1 hr/3600 sec)) = 0.12 mCi. This last answer is not much different from the initial activity (10 mCi). That
  • #1
FinSanity
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[SOLVED] A radoactive substance

Homework Statement



A radioactive substance has an activity of 10mCi. After 4 hours the activity is 6mCi.
a) What is the decay constant and the half life?
b) How many atoms are there in the beginning?
c) What is the activity after 30 hours?

Homework Equations



a) A=A0e^-λt => -λ = ((ln A/A0)/t
T½=((ln 2)/λ

c) A=A0e^-λt

b) A=λN => N = A/λ


The Attempt at a Solution



a) -λ = ((ln 6/10)/4) = 0,13
T½ = ((ln 2)/0,13) = 5,33h

c) A=10*e^-0,13*30 = 0,2mCi

b) N = 10/0,13=0,77
 
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  • #2
FinSanity said:

Homework Statement



A radioactive substance has an activity of 10mCi. After 4 hours the activity is 6mCi.
a) What is the decay constant and the half life?
b) How many atoms are there in the beginning?
c) What is the activity after 30 hours?

Homework Equations



a) A=A0e^-?t => -? = ((ln A/A0)/t
T½=((ln 2)/?

c) A=A0e^-?t

b) A=?N => N = A/?

The Attempt at a Solution



a) -? = ((ln 6/10)/4) = 0,13
T½ = ((ln 2)/0,13) = 5,33h

c) A=10*e^-0,13*30 = 0,2mCi

b) N = 10/0,13=0,77

I don't know if you're still looking at this thread. I agree with parts (a) and (b) [I get 0.22 mCi].

For part (c), first off, your decay constant is in units of inverse hours right now. To convert this usefully to the number of atoms involved, the activity needs to be related to seconds, since 1 Curie is 3.7·10^10 decay/sec (Becquerels). So the decay constant becomes

-(lambda) = 0.1277 (hr^-1) · (1 hr/3600 sec) = 3.547·10^-5 sec^-1 .

This gives

N = (10·10^-3 Ci)·(3.7·10^10 Bq)/(3.547·10^-5 sec^-1)

= 1.04·10^13 nuclei.
 

FAQ: What Are the Decay Dynamics of a Radioactive Substance Over Time?

What is a radioactive substance?

A radioactive substance is a material that emits radiation due to the unstable nature of its atomic nucleus. This radiation can take the form of alpha, beta, or gamma particles, and can be harmful to living organisms.

How are radioactive substances formed?

Radioactive substances are formed through a process called radioactive decay, in which the atomic nucleus of an unstable element breaks down and releases energy in the form of radiation. This decay can occur naturally in some elements, or it can be induced in others through artificial means.

What are the uses of radioactive substances?

Radioactive substances have a variety of uses in different fields, including medical treatments, industrial processes, and energy production. They can be used for imaging and diagnosing medical conditions, sterilizing equipment, and generating electricity in nuclear power plants.

What are the risks associated with radioactive substances?

The main risks associated with radioactive substances are the potential damage they can cause to living organisms through exposure to radiation. This can lead to genetic mutations, cancer, and other health problems. Proper handling and disposal of radioactive materials is essential to minimize these risks.

How are radioactive substances detected and measured?

Radioactive substances can be detected and measured using specialized equipment such as Geiger counters or scintillation detectors. These devices can detect the presence of radiation and measure its intensity, allowing scientists to monitor and control the use of radioactive materials.

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