What are the most critical parameters in high-speed machines: stress or strain?

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  • #1
zoltrix
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hello
consider an high speed machine
the inertial forces exceed the static ones
of course duttile materials
generally speaking which ones are the most critical parameters ?
stresses (von Mises etc) or strains ?
 
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  • #2
It is situation specific. The most critical parameter(s) could be one or more of:

Inertial forces (machines with reciprocating parts)
Natural frequency / critical speed (high speed shafts)
Stress
Strain
Friction heating (Ask me about the time we put 8 ball bearings in a volume the size of a basketball that generated 2 kW of heat)
Aerodynamic forces (Napkin folders at 12,000 napkins per minute)
Deflection (Can be too large at low strain)
Flame speed (Internal combustion engine)

And more, but that's the first ones off the top of my head. And all of the above are based on my personal experience with high speed machines.
 
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jrmichler said:
Friction heating (Ask me about the time we put 8 ball bearings in a volume the size of a basketball that generated 2 kW of heat)
:oops:
 
  • #4
I suppose that for high speed machines deformations are , generally speaking, a more serious issue than stresses
just to make it simple, take an hinged-hinged square linkage subjected to an inertial transversal load concentrated in the center of mass
max deflection is proportional to length^3 while max stress to length
of course other parametrs might be even more important, it is so obvious that IMHO there was no need to mention them
 
  • #5
zoltrix said:
I suppose that for high speed machines deformations are , generally speaking, a more serious issue than stresses
This is assuming the position is important. It may be totally irrelevant for the machine to do its job properly. Deformation might even be a desired feature.
 
  • #6
Usually, strength and yield behavior is quantified in terms of the principal stresses.
 

FAQ: What are the most critical parameters in high-speed machines: stress or strain?

What is the difference between stress and strain in high-speed machines?

Stress refers to the internal forces that particles of a material exert on each other, typically measured in Pascals (Pa). Strain, on the other hand, is the deformation or displacement of material that results from an applied stress, usually measured as a dimensionless ratio or percentage. In high-speed machines, both parameters are critical as they influence the material's ability to withstand operational forces and deformations.

Which is more critical in high-speed machines: stress or strain?

Both stress and strain are critical in high-speed machines, but their importance can vary depending on the specific application and material properties. Stress is crucial because it directly relates to the forces that can cause material failure. Strain is equally important as it indicates how much deformation the material can endure before failing. Engineers often need to consider both parameters to ensure the machine's reliability and safety.

How do stress and strain affect the performance of high-speed machines?

High stress can lead to material fatigue, cracking, and eventual failure, especially in components that experience cyclic loading. High strain can result in permanent deformations, misalignment, and loss of functionality. Both stress and strain must be managed to maintain the performance and longevity of high-speed machines. Proper material selection, design optimization, and maintenance are essential to control these parameters.

What methods are used to measure stress and strain in high-speed machines?

Stress is typically measured using strain gauges, which convert mechanical deformation into electrical signals. Other methods include photoelasticity, X-ray diffraction, and finite element analysis (FEA). Strain is measured using extensometers, digital image correlation (DIC), and also strain gauges. These methods help in monitoring and analyzing the performance of high-speed machines under various operating conditions.

Can material selection influence the criticality of stress and strain in high-speed machines?

Yes, material selection plays a significant role in determining the criticality of stress and strain. Materials with high tensile strength and good fatigue resistance can better withstand high stress. Similarly, materials with high ductility can endure more strain without permanent deformation. Selecting the appropriate material based on the specific operational demands of the high-speed machine is crucial for optimizing performance and durability.

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