Voltage, also known as electric potential difference, is the measure of the electric potential energy per unit charge. In simpler terms, it is the force that pushes electric charges to move through a circuit.
Voltage is created by a difference in electric potential between two points in a circuit. This difference can be created by a battery, generator, or other power source.
Voltage is measured in volts (V) using a voltmeter. The voltmeter is connected in parallel to the circuit and measures the potential difference between two points.
Ohm's law states that the voltage (V) in a circuit is equal to the current (I) multiplied by the resistance (R): V = IR. This means that an increase in voltage will result in an increase in current, while a decrease in voltage will result in a decrease in current.
In a series circuit, the voltage is divided between all of the components. This means that the total voltage of the circuit will be equal to the sum of the individual voltage drops across each component. In a parallel circuit, the voltage remains the same across each branch, but the current is divided between the branches.