What is Dimensional Transmutation?

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In summary, dimensional transmutation is a concept in quantum field theory where quantum fluctuations can break the scale invariance of a classical theory. This is seen through the beta function, which can flow beyond the naive guess of 0 from dimensional analysis for dimensionless parameters. The coupling can then be extrapolated by integrating the Callan-Symanzik equation, resulting in a blow up either in the IR or UV at a finite energy scale. This scale is determined by the lab energy scale and the dimensionless coupling strength measured at that scale. The term "dimensional transmutation" is used to describe the mapping between the divergent scale where the coupling blows up and the lab measurement scale. The Callan-Symanzik equation does not
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paralleltransport
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I'd like to make sure I understand the term dimensional transmutation.
Hi,

I'd like to make sure my understanding of dimensional transmutation is correct.

The key insight of QFT is that introducing quantum fluctuation can break the scale invariance of a classical theory that is naively scale invariant. Equivalently, one says that the beta function can flow beyond the naive guess of 0 from dimensional analysis for dimensionless parameters.

From there one "extrapolates" the coupling by integrating the Callan-Symanzik equation and finds out that it blows up either in the IR (marginally relevant) of the UV (marginally irrelevant) at finite energy scale. The scale at which the coupling blows up is a new dimension-full scale. This value is determined by the lab energy scale and the dimensionless coupling strength we measured at that scale (the boundary condition of the callan symanzik extrapolation scheme).

People then use the term "dimensional transmutation" by saying that there is a mapping between the 2: the divergent scale where the coupling blows up and the lab measurement scale, so we can specify either one to fully fix the theory. This is just a statement that the callan-symanzik equation in those specific cases does not converge multiple boundary conditions (different lab measurements defining different theories) to the same blow up scale. If that happened, then the map would not be bijective preventing so called "dimensional-transmutation".

It is clear though that the blow up scale could be physically meaningless (one is extrapolating the running coupling outside of the regime where perturbation theory is valid).

Is that correct understanding of the term? I want to make sure I'm not oversimplifying.
 
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Having read a bit more the literature, it seems the term dimensional transmutation is correctly defined above but is used in more general terms: it is the occurence of a energy scale in a theory that is classically scale invariant (does not have a preferred energy scale). The energy scale introduced is due to the non-vanishing of the beta function.

One could say that it is the breaking of classical scale invariance.
 
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FAQ: What is Dimensional Transmutation?

What is dimensional transmutation?

Dimensional transmutation is a phenomenon in quantum field theory where the coupling constant of a theory is no longer a fixed parameter, but instead becomes a function of the energy scale at which the theory is observed.

How does dimensional transmutation occur?

Dimensional transmutation occurs when a quantum field theory has a massless field that interacts with a massive field. The massless field's fluctuations can create virtual particles that interact with the massive field, leading to a change in the coupling constant.

What is the significance of dimensional transmutation?

Dimensional transmutation is significant because it is a manifestation of the non-perturbative effects of quantum field theory. It also plays a crucial role in the spontaneous breaking of symmetries, which is a fundamental concept in particle physics.

Can dimensional transmutation be observed experimentally?

Yes, dimensional transmutation has been observed experimentally in various physical systems, such as in the behavior of superfluid helium and in the properties of quark-gluon plasma.

How does dimensional transmutation relate to the Higgs mechanism?

Dimensional transmutation is closely related to the Higgs mechanism, which is responsible for giving mass to elementary particles. In fact, the Higgs mechanism can be seen as a specific case of dimensional transmutation, where the mass of the Higgs boson is generated through the coupling between the Higgs field and the top quark.

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