What is the difference between Mach cone and shock wave in aerodynamics?

In summary, the discussion revolves around the concept of the Mach cone and its relationship to the shock wave. Some authors believe that the Mach cone is the shock wave itself, while others argue that it is the area around the shock wave. The diagram typically used to represent the Mach cone may not accurately depict the actual process, as sound is generated continuously and the intersection of circles is not fixed. This can be better understood by considering the bow wave of a boat, which also has a v shape and gradually moves towards the bank.
  • #1
TimeRip496
254
5
Is mach cone the area of the shock wave or the wave front of the Mach wave?
Usually the diagram for mach cone is this,
upload_2018-1-8_16-28-27.png


However I still see some author states that the Mach cone is the shock wave. Shouldn't the shock wave be at the intersection(between the circles) and if the Mach cone is about the shock wave, shouldn't the diagram be like this instead?
upload_2018-1-8_16-33-35.png
 

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  • #2
TimeRip496 said:
However I still see some author states that the Mach cone is the shock wave. Shouldn't the shock wave be at the intersection(between the circles)
Imagine there are not just 3, but many more circles (the sound is generated continuously). Where would their intersection lie?
 
  • #3
Try drawing a thousand circles in your cone. Where is the intersection now? Unless of course, sound is only generated a three intervals:wink:.
 
  • #4
Take a look at the bow wave on a boat. It extends out in a v shape just like the shock wave of an aircraft. The resulting wave eventually reaches the bank where it appears to move along the water's edge in much the same way that a shock wave passes over the ground.

The circles on the drawings of a shock wave don't really exist because the process is continuous.
 

Related to What is the difference between Mach cone and shock wave in aerodynamics?

1. What is a Mach cone?

A Mach cone, also known as a shock wave or sound cone, is a cone-shaped region of increased pressure and density that forms around an object that is traveling faster than the speed of sound. It is named after Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach who first described the phenomenon.

2. How does a Mach cone form?

A Mach cone forms when an object moves through a medium, such as air or water, at a speed faster than the speed of sound. As the object moves, it pushes the surrounding air or water molecules out of the way, creating a high-pressure region in front of the object and a low-pressure region behind it. The cone shape is formed as the high-pressure region expands outward and the low-pressure region collapses inward.

3. What causes confusion about Mach cones?

Confusion about Mach cones often arises because they are often depicted as solid, cone-shaped objects, when in reality they are only regions of increased pressure and density. Additionally, the exact shape and size of the cone can vary based on factors such as the speed of the object, the medium it is traveling through, and the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air or water.

4. How is a Mach cone different from a sonic boom?

A Mach cone and a sonic boom are closely related phenomena, but they are not the same thing. A sonic boom is the loud noise that is produced when an object breaks the sound barrier, while a Mach cone is the physical region of increased pressure and density that forms around the object as it travels faster than the speed of sound. The sonic boom is the result of the Mach cone interacting with the surrounding air, causing a sudden change in pressure and creating a loud noise.

5. Are Mach cones only present in air or water?

No, Mach cones can form in any medium where there is a difference in the speed of sound, such as in solid materials like rock or metal. They can also occur in space, where the medium is the thin gas of the atmosphere. However, they are most commonly observed in air and water because these are the most common mediums that humans and other living creatures interact with.

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