Monohybrid cross involves the mating of two individuals that differ in only one trait, while dihybrid cross involves the mating of two individuals that differ in two traits.
The purpose of these crosses is to study the inheritance patterns of specific traits and to determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
In a monohybrid cross, the offspring will inherit one allele from each parent, resulting in two possible genotypes (heterozygous or homozygous) and two possible phenotypes (dominant or recessive).
In monohybrid crosses, dominant traits are expressed when an individual has at least one dominant allele, while recessive traits are only expressed when an individual has two recessive alleles. In dihybrid crosses, dominant traits are expressed when an individual has at least one dominant allele for each trait, while recessive traits are only expressed when an individual has two recessive alleles for both traits.
Monohybrid crosses demonstrate Mendel's law of segregation, which states that each individual has two alleles for a trait and only one is passed on to the offspring. Dihybrid crosses demonstrate Mendel's law of independent assortment, which states that the inheritance of one trait is not influenced by the inheritance of another trait.
