What is the meaning of the imaginary part of the plane wave function

In summary: I'm not familiar enough with those terms to give a more in depth answer. Look up Fourier Analysis and wave superposition for more details.
  • #1
Chuck88
37
0
The plane wave function sometimes could be represented as:

[tex]
U(\mathbf{r} ,t ) = A_{0} e^{i(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t + \phi)}
[/tex]

and we could separate the expression above into:

[tex]
U(\mathbf{r} ,t = \cos(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t + \phi) + i \sin(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t + \phi)
[/tex]

Then what is the practical meaning of the imaginary part, ##i \sin(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t + \phi)##?
 
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  • #2
Hi Chuck88,

The imaginary part is how much amplitude (of a copy of each frequency component that is shifted 90 degrees in phase) that must be added to the real part to end up with the correct phase and amplitude of the original signal [itex] U(\mathbf{r} ,t ) [/itex]. (Normally, a wave would be decomposed to a weighted amount of the real and imaginary components, such as when you assign the initial conditions to a solution of the wave equation)

If only the real part existed, the signal would have a fixed phase alignment. Adding the imaginary part effectively corrects the phase to match the actual experimental signal or wavefront.
 
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  • #3
PhilDSP said:
Hi Chuck88,

The imaginary part is how much amplitude (of a copy of each frequency component that is shifted 90 degrees in phase) that must be added to the real part to end up with the correct phase and amplitude of the original signal [itex] U(\mathbf{r} ,t ) [/itex]. (Normally, a wave would be decomposed to a weighted amount of the real and imaginary components, such as when you assign the initial conditions to a solution of the wave equation)

If only the real part existed, the signal would have a fixed phase alignment. Adding the imaginary part effectively corrects the phase to match the actual experimental signal or wavefront.

Thanks for your reply. But ##\phi## in the real part ##\cos(\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{r} - \omega t + \phi)## could represent the phase of the wave. And ##A_{0}## could represent the amplitude of the wave. It seems like that if we neglect the imaginary part of the wave, the amplitude and phase can still be presented only with the parts in the real part.
 
  • #4
Most likely ##\phi## is going to be used to align the phase globally. Likewise with ##A_0## for the amplitude. To model a realistic wave, each frequency component ##\omega_n## will have a unique phase offset that is accommodated by the combined amplitudes of the real and imaginary components for that frequency.

The wave function with only a single valued ##\omega## is a monochromatic wave. Most waves encountered experimentally are more complex.
 
  • #5
It seems like that if we neglect the imaginary part of the wave, the amplitude and phase can still be presented only with the parts in the real part.
 
  • #6
baiber said:
It seems like that if we neglect the imaginary part of the wave, the amplitude and phase can still be presented only with the parts in the real part.

That's true in the simple case of a monochromatic wave, but not in general.
 
  • #7
PhilDSP said:
That's true in the simple case of a monochromatic wave, but not in general.

Can you explain that in detail?
 
  • #8
A wave that is monochromatic consists of only a single sinusoid. Lasers tend toward producing monochromatic waves but almost all other light sources produce a broadband of frequencies (white light for example). The waveform or wave packet can be decomposed to containing a collection of frequencies. Sound waves are similar though the term monochromatic isn't really used to describe them.

Look up Fourier Analysis and wave superposition for more details.
 

FAQ: What is the meaning of the imaginary part of the plane wave function

1. What is the imaginary part of a plane wave function?

The imaginary part of a plane wave function is a mathematical component that describes the phase or oscillatory behavior of a wave. It is represented by the letter "i" and is often referred to as the complex part of the wave function.

2. What is the significance of the imaginary part of a plane wave function?

The imaginary part of a plane wave function is significant because it represents the amplitude and direction of the wave. It contains important information about the behavior and properties of the wave, such as its frequency and wavelength.

3. How is the imaginary part of a plane wave function related to the real part?

The real and imaginary parts of a plane wave function are closely related and together make up the complex wave function. The real part represents the magnitude of the wave, while the imaginary part represents its direction and phase.

4. Does the imaginary part of a plane wave function have physical significance?

Yes, the imaginary part of a plane wave function has physical significance as it describes the oscillatory behavior of a wave. It is crucial in understanding and predicting the behavior of many physical systems, such as electromagnetic waves and quantum mechanical particles.

5. How is the imaginary part of a plane wave function used in scientific research?

The imaginary part of a plane wave function is used extensively in scientific research, particularly in the fields of physics, chemistry, and engineering. It is used to describe and analyze various physical systems and phenomena, and to make predictions about their behavior and properties.

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