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CURIE WILLEY
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What is electric charge?
Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when close to other electrically charged matter.
So, if the particle has electric charge, there is an electric field around it.
What is a Neutral particle?
In physics, a neutral particle is a particle with no electric charge.
So, a particle will be neutral, if it has no electric charge. In other words, a particle will be neutral, if there is no electric field around it.
If we consider a system of oppositely charged particles as a dipole. Magnitude of electric field (E) due to an electric dipole at a distance r from its center in a direction making an angle $$\theta$$ with the dipole is given by the equation,$$E=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon}.\frac{p\sqrt{3\cos^2\theta+1}}{r^3}$$
where, p=2aq (2a is the distance of separation of the charges q).
From the above equation it follows that, electric field around the dipole will be zero if and only if the distance between the two oppositely charged particles is zero.
So, a system of two opposite charges will have no electric field around it, if the the distance between opposite charges is zero. In other words a system of two opposite charges will be neutral if and only if, the distance between the opposite charges is zero.
If we consider hydrogen atom for example, we can consider electron and proton separated by a distance as a dipole. From my above view it follows that atom is not neutral, because there is a separation between the electron and proton. But, always I have heard atom to be neutral. Why?
Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when close to other electrically charged matter.
So, if the particle has electric charge, there is an electric field around it.
What is a Neutral particle?
In physics, a neutral particle is a particle with no electric charge.
So, a particle will be neutral, if it has no electric charge. In other words, a particle will be neutral, if there is no electric field around it.
If we consider a system of oppositely charged particles as a dipole. Magnitude of electric field (E) due to an electric dipole at a distance r from its center in a direction making an angle $$\theta$$ with the dipole is given by the equation,$$E=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon}.\frac{p\sqrt{3\cos^2\theta+1}}{r^3}$$
where, p=2aq (2a is the distance of separation of the charges q).
From the above equation it follows that, electric field around the dipole will be zero if and only if the distance between the two oppositely charged particles is zero.
So, a system of two opposite charges will have no electric field around it, if the the distance between opposite charges is zero. In other words a system of two opposite charges will be neutral if and only if, the distance between the opposite charges is zero.
If we consider hydrogen atom for example, we can consider electron and proton separated by a distance as a dipole. From my above view it follows that atom is not neutral, because there is a separation between the electron and proton. But, always I have heard atom to be neutral. Why?