Temperature refers to the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, while heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another. In simpler terms, temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is, while heat is the energy that causes temperature to change.
Temperature changes affect the behavior of matter by causing the particles in the substance to either move faster or slower. This can lead to changes in the physical properties of the substance, such as expansion or contraction, changes in state (solid, liquid, gas), and changes in chemical reactions.
The relationship between temperature and heat is that heat flows from objects with higher temperatures to objects with lower temperatures until thermal equilibrium is reached. In other words, heat always moves from hot to cold, and the amount of heat transferred is dependent on the difference in temperature between the two objects.
Temperature is typically measured using a thermometer, which can be filled with a liquid such as mercury or alcohol that expands or contracts with changes in temperature. Heat can be measured using a calorimeter, which measures the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount.
The burning of fossil fuels and other human activities release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which trap heat and lead to an increase in global temperatures. This is known as the greenhouse effect and is a major contributor to climate change. Changes in temperature also impact weather patterns, sea levels, and the survival of plant and animal species.