Who Discovered America Besides Columbus and the Vikings?

[quantumcarl]

I hadn't heard of Jose de Acosta before, but sounds like quite a scholar. He makes me feel like a bump on a log:

Yeah, this guy is outragious! Its a wonder that he wasn't burnt at the stake after 20 years of imprisonment and inquisitions by men in pointy hats.

I don't buy the Egyptian-Hopi connection yet, but I appreciated this line from your link on ancient water reservoirs in Arizona:

In my book, its highly unlikely that the MesoAmericans and the Egyptians came up with similar irrigation techniques, practically identical units of measurement for building pyramids, the advent of mummification and a form of writing that utilized heiroglyphs all during a similar period of time, without influence from one or the other civilization... or a third, more advanced influence on both.

Many other cultures used cubits as well:

The arabic Hashimi Cubit of about 650.2 mm (25.6 inches) is considered to measure two French feet. Since the established ratio between the French and English foot is 16 to 15 (the small error of about 0.086 % is owed to imperfect standards, not-adjusted mutually), one can give following equation: 5 Hashimi cubits = 10 French feet = 128 English inches. Also the length of 256 Roman cubits and the length of 175 Hashimi cubits are equivalent.
The Guard Cubit (arabic: ammatu rabitu) measured about 555.6 mm; 5/4 Roman cubit. Therefore: 96 Guard cubits equal 120 Roman cubits equal 175 English feet.

The Arabic Nil Cubit (or Black Cubit) measured about 540.2 mm. This means 28 (later called) Greek digits of the "Pous of Kyrenaika" equal to 25/24 Roman foot or just 308.7 mm. Thus 175 Roman Cubits equal 144 Black Cubits.

The Mesopotamian cubit measured about 533.4 mm, 6/5 Roman cubit. Thus, 20 Mesopotamian cubits equal 24 Roman cubits equal 35 English feet.
The Babylonian cubit (or cubit of Lagash) measured about 496.1 mm.

Also a Babylonian trade cubit existed, nine tenth of the normal cubit, i.e. 446.5 mm. The Babylonian Cubit is fifteen sixteenth of the Royal cubit. 160 Babylonian trade cubits equal 144 Babylonian cubits equal 135 Egyptian Royal cubits. (The Royal cubit is equal to 529.2 mm. See above).
Other less diffused or older cubits well existed. For example the Pergamon cubit 520.9 mm or 75/64 Roman cubit and the Salamis cubit 484.0 mm or 98/90 Roman cubit and the Persian cubit of about 500.1 mm or 9/8 Roman cubit, which is also 9/10 Guard cubit.

In Izapa, a Precolumbian Mesoamerican city, the measuring unit was also equivalent to about 495 mm. This must be a coincidence, because a diffusion of culture from Babylonia to Mesoamerica is not conclusive.

From: http://www.answers.com/topic/cubit

Not conclusive but, other evidence strongly suggests a connection. We must note that all other forms of the cubit are within easy reach of Egypt. Only the mesoamerican cubit is distant to the origin of this measurment. This doesn't mean that some Egyptian traders or refugees didn't make it there.

In fact, if a few basalt tools fashioned in a similar way to some other ones across the Atlantic can stir up suggestions that European aboriginals influenced an indigenous people in America... with the Atlantic and a millenium or two separating them... then the similarities in the development of techniques of agriculture, writing, building and so forth between Egypt and Early Americans shouldn't present such a far stretch for the imagination.

Dating of the mesoamerican sites has to be re-evaluated as well since carbon sitting on or next to a stone structure does not and cannot be used as an accurate source for dating the structure.

But, you're right in that a detailed survey of each individual's genetics amongst the former Anastazi (sp) (Hopi) in search of any remnants of Egyptian genetic material will help the more discerning researcher see the connection.

 

[Tojen]

Dating of the mesoamerican sites has to be re-evaluated as well since carbon sitting on or next to a stone structure does not and cannot be used as an accurate source for dating the structure.

I don't know about the Mesoamerican sites, but at the southwest U.S. sites I think the dating corresponds pretty closely with the climate conditions of the time, that is, occupation during a wetter periond, abandonment when a prolonged drought hit. But it does seem these days that anything is possible. If an Egyptian connection is established some time, it would be another great twist in the story.

A little more on the X lineage...One site said the number of individuals responsible for that line in the Americas was quite small, probably less that 125. That might mean the Atlantic crossing was accidental. Or, a lot more tried to make it but only they survived. We'll probably never know that one.

 

[quantumcarl]

I don't know about the Mesoamerican sites, but at the southwest U.S. sites I think the dating corresponds pretty closely with the climate conditions of the time, that is, occupation during a wetter periond, abandonment when a prolonged drought hit. But it does seem these days that anything is possible. If an Egyptian connection is established some time, it would be another great twist in the story.

A little more on the X lineage...One site said the number of individuals responsible for that line in the Americas was quite small, probably less that 125. That might mean the Atlantic crossing was accidental. Or, a lot more tried to make it but only they survived. We'll probably never know that one.

Do you mean the X lineage as in the European lineage influencing the pre-existing lineage already established in America?

As far as knowing what took place... it can be achieved... but when it is there'll only be a small percentage of people who care or care enough to believe the stats.

 

[Tojen]

Do you mean the X lineage as in the European lineage influencing the pre-existing lineage already established in America?

Yes, that's what I meant. According to that page, there were fewer than 125 Europeans who introduced the X lineage into the "native" population at the time. I've also come across this page which muddies it a bit more:

Depending on how large a group they assume headed west [from Europe to the Americas], they come up with two time ranges - either between 36,000 and 23,000 years ago or between 17,000 and 12,000 years ago.
http://www.pbs.org/saf/1406/features/dna2.htm

 

[quantumcarl]

Yes, that's what I meant. According to that page, there were fewer than 125 Europeans who introduced the X lineage into the "native" population at the time. I've also come across this page which muddies it a bit more:

36,000 years ago! This is fantastic news! (because I am one of a small percentage of people who get off about this sort of thing).

Showing a migration like this from 36,000 years or so ago really answers the question this thread asks... "So who else discovered America?" If its cooberated and verifiable, these folks win practically hands down.

I've often heard about dates of sites in Florida and even along the southern west coast that gave readings like 25,000 ybp and so forth. This has fueled my own speculation that there was migration from South America long before the Bering Land Bridge migration dates of 14,000 ybp... of course, the Bluefish Caves find had skewed that limit severely. But, it is possible these sites are evidence of these "Europeans" touring America!

This evidence of a 36,000 year old migration pushes the emergence of "modern man" way back, in my opinon, to dates that reach well beyond 40,000 or 50,000 ybp. This is speculation that takes into account the amount of time human development of cognitive comprehension, tools and physical mutations take to emerge.

So, when George Washington and his new formed, rebelious government, came up with the idea of a "United States" based on the 6 nations who had formed an alliance of nations or "United Nations" in order to defend their territories against the onslaught of the Spanish, French and English explorers and opportunists... Washington's role models were descendents of these continental interlopers from possibly 36,000 years ago. Another one of life's ironies.

 

[quantumcarl]

OK, Tojen, here's the major kicker from Andre. This PDF is not, necessarily, about the actual who dunnits that we have been investigating... but is an examination of the motivations and machinations behind the publications of dates and theories regarding the pre-historic habitation of North America.

In this article one of the sited examples also exhibits heavily evidenced proof of human habitation at around 260,000 ybp... but the princible investigator is reluctant to use the date for fear of being branded a "fringe" investigator... etc...

http://www.disputatio.com/articles/006-1.pdf

Thanks to Andre for expediently directing my attention to this article.

And now for more coffee ¡!

EDIT: Ach... I knew Greg would sell PF to the Scientology Freaks! I want to see an article about Greg having dinner with CHEF from South ParK!

 

[Tojen]

This kind of reaction to anomalous evidence is, as Meltzer says, understandable, but it also sounds quite contrary to the spirit of science. And yet it is a common response to anomalies.

Science would accomplish so much more if we could just keep people out of it...

Thanks for the link, rather eye-opening. I'd heard of objections to pre-Clovis claims, but I didn't realize the degree and extent of it. It reminded me of the Church's reaction to Galileo's discoveries. The good news is that in the end, the truth will eventually work its way to the surface, although some might have to go through academic hell first.

Speaking of anomalies, have you heard yet about this site in Ohio? It's a pretty big stretch for me, but then a few years ago so was pre-Clovis migration, and Cro-Magnons in North America, and...
http://www.daysknob.com/

Ach... I knew Greg would sell PF to the Scientology Freaks! I want to see an article about Greg having dinner with CHEF from South ParK!

That would be so-o-o much better than dinner with Tom Cruise.

Seriously, though, it's good to see this board finally get some religion.

Really seriously, though--good April Fool's joke. It had me going for a minute.

 

[quantumcarl]

Science would accomplish so much more if we could just keep people out of it...

No kidding

Thanks for the link, rather eye-opening. I'd heard of objections to pre-Clovis claims, but I didn't realize the degree and extent of it. It reminded me of the Church's reaction to Galileo's discoveries. The good news is that in the end, the truth will eventually work its way to the surface, although some might have to go through academic hell first.

More like emoto/ego hell!

Speaking of anomalies, have you heard yet about this site in Ohio? It's a pretty big stretch for me, but then a few years ago so was pre-Clovis migration, and Cro-Magnons in North America, and...
http://www.daysknob.com/

OK, I had a look at these. Curious as hell. I could de-bunk the living snot out of this claim but the number of specimens is holding me back.

I always want verification like strata depths, charcol remains, post holes, barbique sites and remnants from the manufacturing of tools. If this isn't a true site it's a CIA or Smithsonian plant. In fact, I could see Jesus, JFK and a few Minoan Kings in the sculpturettes.

These excavators need to scour the surroundings for habitation sites. It could take a long time. I surface-surveyed the entire south coast of the Sunshine Coast
http://www.sunshinecoast.ca/index.php?obj=Home&view=Map&X=102&Y=134&map_size=160
with only one assistant for 4 months. We had the task of proving habitation took place on that coast at 10,000 ybp. The trick was to stay at 500 ft above sea level (which was sea level @ 10,000 ybp) and I used an altimeter to stay on track. The whole area had been logged and disturbed over the milenia so it was very slim pickin's. And, the Devil's Club
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/09/0905_030905_tvdevilsclub.html
grows with great tenacity in the area... which can be extremely stimulating... to say the least!

I realize that glaciation and/or meltdown/runoff may have wiped out any chance of finding camps or villages... either at the Day's Knob or on the Sunshine Coast. There was a lot of water freed-up as a result of the changes taking place.

That would be so-o-o much better than dinner with Tom Cruise.

Seriously, though, it's good to see this board finally get some religion.

Really seriously, though--good April Fool's joke. It had me going for a minute.

Hee hee. I freaked. I think I dropped some artifacts

 

[scott1]

What about the Vikings?Didn't they have settelment in Canada?
If chinese where here back then,I wonder what would of happened if they kept there colonies here even after coloumbus "discoverd" america.I wonder if we would the American-chinese war instead of the Mexcan-American war.

 

[Tojen]

scott1,

Yep, the Vikings left evidence in L'anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, and maybe got as far south as the New England states, if I remember correctly. That was around 1000 AD, about 15,000-20,000 years after the first migrants to the New World (that we suspect, anyway).
http://fp.thesalmons.org/lynn/wh-canada.html"

I can't vouch for the Chinese being here. If the were, we might have had gunpowder here sooner, and nice vases.

 

[Tojen]

quantumcarl,

OK, I had a look at these. Curious as hell. I could de-bunk the living snot out of this claim but the number of specimens is holding me back.

I always want verification like strata depths, charcol remains, post holes, barbique sites and remnants from the manufacturing of tools. If this isn't a true site it's a CIA or Smithsonian plant. In fact, I could see Jesus, JFK and a few Minoan Kings in the sculpturettes.

I saw the large number of specimens as one of the arguments against their validity. The ancient people who supposedly made them must have churned them out in factories. Like you said, most of them are so vague that they're open to all kinds of interpretation. (I clearly saw Ramtha in one of them, proving that J.Z. Knight is legit. ) And they're being found at all strata, which suggests they're just part of the glacial till. (I left a comment on the website and he emailed me back right away. He's eager to talk about them, understandably.)

The trick was to stay at 500 ft above sea level (which was sea level @ 10,000 ybp)

When I read that, I thought you were mistaken. I thought sea levels were down then but the Internet says I thought wrong:

From 10,000 rcbp to 8,000 rcbp [12,000-10,000 ybp] sea levels rose dramatically, perhaps as much as 10 to 20 km in a single human lifetime.
http://www.teamatlantis.com/yucatan_test/research_paleoindian.html

If that's the case, it must have been tough for people on the coast. Besides having to keep moving inland, they would probably have to adapt to new food resources. And deal with Devil's Club too, if it was around then. That's a nasty piece of work.

Hee hee. I freaked. I think I dropped some artifacts

Ouch! Nothing valuable I hope.

 

[quantumcarl]

quantumcarl,
I saw the large number of specimens as one of the arguments against their validity. The ancient people who supposedly made them must have churned them out in factories. Like you said, most of them are so vague that they're open to all kinds of interpretation. (I clearly saw Ramtha in one of them, proving that J.Z. Knight is legit. ) And they're being found at all strata, which suggests they're just part of the glacial till. (I left a comment on the website and he emailed me back right away. He's eager to talk about them, understandably.)

Yes, and perhaps it was an ancient cluster-bomb full of bird figure shrapnel.

When I read that, I thought you were mistaken. I thought sea levels were down then but the Internet says I thought wrong:

The theory at the time of my investigation was that the weight of glaciation sunk the land under it by 500 feet into the ocean. As the glaciers receded, the land came back up (500 ft). I have a feeling that idea may have been scraped by now.

Recent findings show an advance of the ocean over the last 20,000 years by up to 60 meters. We have lost scads of coastline. This portends well for underwater archaeology and to accommodate this we need to start a whole new thread. There are evidences in this field that point to much earlier and more sofisticated civilizations than are presently accepted/admitted by the emotive and egotistical powers that be.

If that's the case, it must have been tough for people on the coast. Besides having to keep moving inland, they would probably have to adapt to new food resources. And deal with Devil's Club too, if it was around then. That's a nasty piece of work.

Inland, at 10,000 years bp would have been glaciated... as far as we know. I have met with the Chief of a Nation near the Nishga governed lands of middle British Columbia who told me about a habitation above the glacial mark of that era. He said its made of stones which is quite a development for the NWCoast peoples who primarily used cedar. I have a feeling it was a seasonal hunting camp. But, I've been wrong more than I'll admit to before!

However, this chief and Director of Mining on his land also told me that there are individuals of his people who carry genes from the Toltecan people of Mexico or Central America. This development is no doubt linked to how the people of his Nation, up to 7000 years bc were trading Obsidian with that Nation of Central America. This is confirmed by matching the "fingerprint" of the Obsidian tools found in Central America with the Obsidian from the Chief's anscestrial Obsidian quarries. Results show they are the same obsidian.

Devils club was around as far back as the dinosaurs. During another excavation, in a very lush area, the elders of that Nation showed us a cool trick which was to take a bath in Devil's Club steeped water. So only two of us tried it and our skin felt like a pin cushion and we were very stimulated. However, it was a wonderful cure for a hang-over which is a common artifact of excavations.

 

[Tojen]

it was a wonderful cure for a hang-over which is a common artifact of excavations.

Now I want to be an archaeologist more than ever.

A sailing friend of mine is not surprised at all about a possible Atlantic crossing 15,000 years ago or earlier. He said two weeks of good weather and favourable winds is common (nowadays, at least), and if they did encounter a storm, small boats would handle it better than big ships.

That, and the obsidian evidence you mentioned, and a whole lot of other evidence, seems to point out that there was a lot more going on than we give the ancients credit for. There will surely be more surprises coming, probably sooner than later.

Devils club was around as far back as the dinosaurs.

Maybe that's what wiped them out...

 

[quantumcarl]

Now I want to be an archaeologist more than ever.

Archaeology is coming into its own through supporting an ethical market place. The science is used to determine the cultural sensitivities potentially harmed by any industrial activity. It will solve licencing problems and help to avoid future conflicts and inefficiencies that might occur between the interests of the communities in question and the market/industries in question.

There are, today, wages being offered to archaeologists that could be construed to be 800 percent higher than those wages I have experienced doing the same thing. That will get you some damn, extreme, premium scotch for the cook-tent.

A sailing friend of mine is not surprised at all about a possible Atlantic crossing 15,000 years ago or earlier. He said two weeks of good weather and favourable winds is common (nowadays, at least), and if they did encounter a storm, small boats would handle it better than big ships.

That, and the obsidian evidence you mentioned, and a whole lot of other evidence, seems to point out that there was a lot more going on than we give the ancients credit for. There will surely be more surprises coming, probably sooner than later.

See Charles Hapgood's "The Ancient Mariners".
Title could be slightly different. He offers discussion and plates of well known maps that clearly indicate their production date to be 20,000 years bp. The date is determined by how much of Antartica is depicted as being ice free. The coastline of Antartica on the map matches today's understanding of what lays beneath the two miles of ice covering the same area.

Anyway you're right... ultimately, archaeology rocks.

EDIT: Archaeology has also made a huge advance as an lucritive profession with the police and law in general. The Canadian RCMP use its detailed and forensic aspects in the field. There is one case where up to 100 archaeologists were employed over several years in recovering evidence.

 

[Mk]

Yes Magnetic dating is very commonly used for (multi)million time scales and has served as a imported calibration/verification tool for other dating methods.

So how does magnetic dating work?

Got back to this thread, very interesting.

 

[Andre]

So how does magnetic dating work?

http://pda.physorg.com/lofi-news-rock-footprints-years_8657.html

...Many rocks retain evidence of their orientation at the moment they cool in the form of iron oxide grains magnetized in a direction parallel to the Earth's magnetic field at the time of cooling. Because the Earth's field has repeatedly flipped throughout the planet's history, it is possible to date rock based on its magnetic polarity.

Feinberg found that the rock grains in the volcanic ash had polarity opposite to the Earth's polarity today. Since the last magnetic pole reversal was 790,000 years ago, the rock must be at least that age. Because the Earth's magnetic polarity changes, on average, every 250,000 years, the argon/argon date is consistent with a time between 1.07 and 1.77 million years ago when the Earth's polarity was opposite to that of today.

 

[quantumcarl]

http://pda.physorg.com/lofi-news-rock-footprints-years_8657.html

Where can I get a pair of those 1.77 million year old vintage shoes they were wearing through the volcanic ash! ?

 

[Tojen]

See Charles Hapgood's "The Ancient Mariners". Title could be slightly different.

Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, by Charles Hapgood. Looks intriguing. There doesn't seem to be much support for it, but I'm willing to give it a go.

Another thing about crossing oceans in ancient times: If storms are getting worse because of warmer temperatures these days, is the converse true? Back when the climate was colder, were storms much less severe?

The Canadian RCMP use its detailed and forensic aspects in the field. There is one case where up to 100 archaeologists were employed over several years in recovering evidence.

Would that be the Picton case? I know they were recruiting archaeologists from across Canada, I think, for that. A friend of a friend who is an archaeology student worked on that for a while. Digging through pig manure isn't as glamourous as unearthing ancient secrets, but the wages were good, as you said. And the scotch, I'm sure.

There's still a lot questions about the footprints in Mexico, but they're sure intriguing. Wouldn't that be something if the first human visitors here weren't the first hominids here.

 

[Mk]

How can we possibly use magnetic dating well? Geomagnetic reversals are extremely erratic and wouldn't all the feromagnetized iron particles be aligned either north to south or south to north? That only gives us two states!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/02/Geomagnetic_late_cenozoic.png

What does pre-Clovian mean?

 

[Tojen]

Someone else will have to explain magnetic dating, but Clovis refers to a style of projectile points that first appeared in the Americas about 12,000 years ago. Since that fit nicely with the theory of the time, that the Americas were first populated by Asians about 12,500 years ago, it was assumed the Asian migrants had brought the technology with them. Those assumptions appear to be wrong, and that people were coming here prior to 12,500 ybp, or pre-Clovis.

And as quantumcarl pointed out, the Clovis technology appears to be a product not of Asia, but an evolution of the Solutrean style in Europe about 20,000 years ago. That is supported by an apparent genetic link to Europe at about that time.

 

[Mk]

So what was up with the Kenniwick man anyway? It is thought he was of a isolated Native American tribe?

 

[Tojen]

From a post earlier in this thread:

September 12, 2004 - Discovery

DNA analysis of skulls found in Baja California that belonged to an extinct tribe called the Pericues reveal that the Pericues likely were not related to Native Americans and that they probably predated Native Americans in settling the Americas.

The finding, released at the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BA) Festival of Science in Exeter, England, adds support to the theory that a number of groups arrived in the Americas via different routes and at varying times, possibly as early as 25,000 years ago.

The study also suggests that the two oldest known Americans — Peñon woman and Kennewick Man — might have belonged to the Pericues tribe.
http://www.crystalinks.com/pericues.html (this is a copy of the original article at Discovery.com which no longer exists)

The Pericues lived on the southern tip of the Baja Peninsula when the Spaniards first arrived. Their obvious physical and linguistic differences from other tribes around them were noted immediately by the Spaniards. They died out soon after, but DNA analysis on some of their skeletons suggests they were not related to other American Indians and that their ancestors arrived in the Americas before those of present day Natives, that is, before 12,000 years ago, maybe as much as 20,000-25,000 ybp. As far as I know, no DNA testing has been done on Kennewick Man, but comparisons have been made with the Pericues on the basis of skull shape.

 

[quantumcarl]

Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, by Charles Hapgood. Looks intriguing. There doesn't seem to be much support for it, but I'm willing to give it a go.

Thank you for correcting my incorrect title for Hapgood's book. It was published long before the imaging technology that mapped the ice-covered coast line of Antartica was available. The book has the Piri Re'is Map that shows the correct coast line as though it has no ice to obscure mapping proceedures.

Hapgood employed James H. Campbell, a mathematician-engineer as well as many other accredited professionals in his bid to uncover the truth about past and present geological and meterological events on earth. Charles Hapgood is documented to have exchanged ideas and theories with Albert Einstein in a series of letters and visits. Einstein is said to have not only "supported" Hapgoods efforts... but was also quite shaken by the implications of Hapgoods findings.

Another thing about crossing oceans in ancient times: If storms are getting worse because of warmer temperatures these days, is the converse true? Back when the climate was colder, were storms much less severe?

If you've followed any of Andre's writing on this forum you'll note that Earth's climate has gone from cooling to warming during several periods and due to various causes. Although the cycles are long in relation to human standards, it looks as though the global climate and weather has been up and down the barometer/thermometer a few times before and since the proported 20,000 year old ancient mariners and Egyptian traders etc... were getting around.

Would that be the Picton case? I know they were recruiting archaeologists from across Canada, I think, for that. A friend of a friend who is an archaeology student worked on that for a while. Digging through pig manure isn't as glamourous as unearthing ancient secrets, but the wages were good, as you said. And the scotch, I'm sure.

This is an ongoing case. Pig manure is nothing compared to the details of the case which I will not repeat here. I'm sure those who want to will be able to catch it on FOX.

 

[cronxeh]

Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, by Charles Hapgood. Looks intriguing. There doesn't seem to be much support for it, but I'm willing to give it a go.

I actually just got that book by mail, yesterday. I've ordered it last week, the funny thing is I find it fascinating that 1-3 mile thick ice has never been drilled all the way through, and nobody knows just what is on the surface of Antarctica or Greenland. Heck, there could be an entire civilization or even *GASP* aliens!

 

[quantumcarl]

I actually just got that book by mail, yesterday. I've ordered it last week, the funny thing is I find it fascinating that 1-3 mile thick ice has never been drilled all the way through, and nobody knows just what is on the surface of Antarctica or Greenland. Heck, there could be an entire civilization or even *GASP* aliens!

Here's some news on what's under the 1 - 3 miles thick ice covering the land mass of Antartica

Secret rivers found in Antarctic
By Helen Briggs
BBC News science reporter


Hundreds of lakes lie beneath the frozen wastes of Antarctica

Antarctica's buried lakes are connected by a network of rivers moving water far beneath the surface, say UK scientists.

It was thought the sub-glacial lakes had been completely sealed for millions of years, enabling unique species to evolve in them.

Writing in the journal Nature, experts say international plans to drill into the lakes may now have to be reviewed.

Any attempts to drill into one body of water risks contaminating others.

"What this paper shows is that not only could you contaminate a lake, you could contaminate the whole drainage system," lead author Duncan Wingham, of University College London, told the BBC News website.

Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4908292.stm

There have also been fossils of Dinosaurs found in Antartica.

http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s1056189.htm

More about Antartica, concise and cool site:

http://www.bu.edu/alumni/bostonia/2000/winter/antarctic/