Why Can Effectively Enumerated Theories Not Be Effectively Decidable?

  • MHB
  • Thread starter agapito
  • Start date
In summary: Thank you for the thorough explanation. In summary, a theory is considered effectively axiomatized if its set of axioms can be effectively enumerated. This also means that the set of all formulas in the language, whether in or outside the theory, is decidable. However, there is no algorithm to determine whether a formula is in the theory or not. If the theory is consistent, effectively axiomatized, and complete, then it is decidable. This means that for every formula in the language, it is either in the theory or its negation is in the theory. This can be determined by searching through all derivations.
  • #1
agapito
49
0
Given an arbitrary effectively axiomatized theory T, the set of its wff's can be effectively enumerated. Why can it not also be effectively decidable? Under the definition of "effectively axiomatized theory" it is effectively decidable what is a wff of its language. Thus my question, thanks for all help.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
agapito said:
Given an arbitrary effectively axiomatized theory T, the set of its wff's can be effectively enumerated. Why can it not also be effectively decidable? Under the definition of "effectively axiomatized theory" it is effectively decidable what is a wff of its language.
I assume a theory $T$ is called effectively axiomatized if its set of axioms is decidable. (The following argument does not change if the set of axioms is only enumerable.) Then indeed $T$ is enumerable. We can systematically construct all derivations, and every formula in $T$ turns out to be the last formula of some derivation. It is also true that the set of all formulas in the given first-order language, whether in or outside $T$, is decidable. However, there is no a priori algorithm to determine whether a formula is in $T$. Namely, if a formula $A$ is not in $T$, then it is never proved by any derivation we enumerate, but we can not be sure that this is the case, i.e., that some future derivation does not prove it. And, as Church's theorem shows, predicate calculus is undecidable.

Note that if $T$ is consistent, effectively axiomatized and complete, which means that $A\in T$ or $\not A\in T$ for every formula $A$ in the language, then $T$ is decidable. Asked whether $A\in T$, we search through all derivations and will eventually encounter either $A$ or $\neg A$ because one or the other is in $T$. If $\neg A\in T$, then $A\notin T$ due to consistency.

Does this help?
 
  • #3
Evgeny.Makarov said:
I assume a theory $T$ is called effectively axiomatized if its set of axioms is decidable. (The following argument does not change if the set of axioms is only enumerable.) Then indeed $T$ is enumerable. We can systematically construct all derivations, and every formula in $T$ turns out to be the last formula of some derivation. It is also true that the set of all formulas in the given first-order language, whether in or outside $T$, is decidable. However, there is no a priori algorithm to determine whether a formula is in $T$. Namely, if a formula $A$ is not in $T$, then it is never proved by any derivation we enumerate, but we can not be sure that this is the case, i.e., that some future derivation does not prove it. And, as Church's theorem shows, predicate calculus is undecidable.

Note that if $T$ is consistent, effectively axiomatized and complete, which means that $A\in T$ or $\not A\in T$ for every formula $A$ in the language, then $T$ is decidable. Asked whether $A\in T$, we search through all derivations and will eventually encounter either $A$ or $\neg A$ because one or the other is in $T$. If $\neg A\in T$, then $A\notin T$ due to consistency.

Does this help?

Very helpful indeed, I appreciate it.
 

FAQ: Why Can Effectively Enumerated Theories Not Be Effectively Decidable?

What is the difference between enumerability and decidability?

Enumerability refers to the capability of a set to be listed or counted, while decidability refers to the ability of a problem or statement to be decided or solved by an algorithm.

How are enumerability and decidability related?

Enumerability is a prerequisite for decidability. In order for a problem to be solved by an algorithm, it must first be able to be listed or counted in a systematic manner.

What are some examples of enumerable sets?

Some examples of enumerable sets include natural numbers, integers, and rational numbers. These sets can be listed or counted in a systematic manner, such as by using a counting algorithm.

Can there exist an enumerable set that is not decidable?

Yes, there can exist enumerable sets that are not decidable. For example, the set of all true statements in a formal system is enumerable, but the problem of determining whether a given statement is true or false is undecidable.

How are enumerability and decidability important in computer science?

Enumerability and decidability play important roles in the field of computer science, particularly in the study of algorithms and computability. Understanding these concepts helps in analyzing the efficiency and limitations of algorithms, as well as in identifying and solving problems that are decidable or undecidable.

Back
Top