Why Do Revolving Bodies Have Elliptical Orbits?

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In summary, celestial bodies have elliptical orbits because they are following the trajectories of particles in a 1/r potential, which is determined by the relationship between force and distance in gravity. This is also true for Saturn's rings, which are made up of a large number of individual orbits that are not perfect circles but have an average closer to a circle. Gravity is responsible for the revolution of celestial bodies and Saturn's rings.
  • #1
Shahin.Omar
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Why revolving bodies have their orbits elliptical and not perfectly circular (please correct me if I am wrong)?
 
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  • #2
Shahin.Omar said:
Why revolving bodies have their orbits elliptical and not perfectly circular (please correct me if I am wrong)?
Is there anything in nature that is perfectly circular? Perfect circles exist in math only.
 
  • #3
Because ellipses (technically, conic sections) are the trajectories of particles in a 1/r potential. If gravity had a different relation of force vs. distance, there would be different shaped orbits.
 
  • #4
Vanadium 50 said:
Because ellipses (technically, conic sections) are the trajectories of particles in a 1/r potential. If gravity had a different relation of force vs. distance, there would be different shaped orbits.

Just for a comparison, and I actually wonder about it: Celestial bodies revolve around other objects due to gravity, does the same apply to Saturn's rings too (or is it just like Saturn's atmosphere)?

I was looking for an example for a circular orbit. Saturn's rings are a set of large number of bodies and they together form a perfect circular orbit.
 
  • #5
If a satellite were in a circular orbit, but then it gets knocked by a meteoroid so that the direction of its tangential velocity is no longer exactly perpendicular to the direction of the gravitational force, that would make the orbit become elliptical.
 
  • #6
Shahin.Omar said:
Saturn's rings are a set of large number of bodies and they together form a perfect circular orbit.
They don't have one orbit, just individual orbits which are not perfect circles. The average of the individual orbit is closer to the circle but not a perfect circle either.
 
  • #7
A.T. said:
They don't have one orbit, just individual orbits which are not perfect circles. The average of the individual orbit is closer to the circle but not a perfect circle either.

Thanks for the information, and is gravity responsible for their revolution as it is for the revolution of other celestial bodies?
 

FAQ: Why Do Revolving Bodies Have Elliptical Orbits?

Why do planets have elliptical orbits?

Planets have elliptical orbits because of the influence of gravity. According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, all objects with mass have a gravitational pull on each other. In the case of planets, the strong gravitational pull of the much larger sun causes them to follow an elliptical path around it.

What factors affect the shape of an orbit?

The shape of an orbit is primarily affected by the mass of the objects involved and the distance between them. The larger the mass of the central object, the more elliptical the orbit will be. Similarly, the closer the objects are to each other, the more circular the orbit will be.

How do elliptical orbits differ from circular orbits?

Elliptical orbits differ from circular orbits in terms of their shape. While a circular orbit has a constant distance from the central object, an elliptical orbit has varying distances. This means that a planet in an elliptical orbit will sometimes be closer to the central object and other times farther away.

Can an object have a perfectly circular orbit?

Yes, an object can have a perfectly circular orbit. This occurs when the force of gravity from the central object is balanced by the centrifugal force of the orbiting object. In this case, the orbiting object maintains a constant distance from the central object.

How do scientists measure the shape of an orbit?

Scientists measure the shape of an orbit using a measurement called eccentricity. Eccentricity is a number between 0 and 1 that represents the shape of an ellipse. A value of 0 represents a perfect circle, while a value closer to 1 represents a more elongated ellipse. This measurement can be calculated using the distance between the objects and their masses.

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