Why do the electrons want the rest frame of the wire to appear neutral?

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In summary, the argument involves the behavior of a charged particle and a wire carrying current. The particle does not experience any force when at rest with the wire, but when moving along the wire, it is affected by both magnetic and electric forces. The wire appears neutral in the lab frame of reference due to a decrease in charge density, but in the particle/current frame, it remains charged. The experimenter plays a role in determining the charge of the wire by not applying a high voltage to both ends.
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omega_minus
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I have seen quite a few times the argument about a wire carrying current and a charged particle outside the wire. When the particle is at rest with the wire it feels no force, since the magnetic force on the wire requires relative motion of the particle and the field. It also feels no electric force since the wire is electrically neutral. When the particle moves along the wire it then is accelerated toward (or away) from the wire. In the lab frame of reference its due to a magnetic force but in the particle/current frame its because now the charge densities of the conductor have changed. Here is my question: From the lab frame the electrons carrying current have *somehow* lowered their charge density to a lower amount in their frame so as to appear to the lab frame (once Lorenz contracted) that the wire is neutral. I have read that this is because any excess static electric field would be neutralized by the electrons in the wire. However these explanations never bother to say why the electrons have "decided" to make the wire neutral in another frame of reference and not their own. It seems like they always "want" the rest frame of the wire to appear neutral. Why don't the electrons arrange themselves to make the wire neutral in their own frame? What makes the frame they now travel in so special that they would allow a static field to exist there but not try to neutralize it?
 
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omega_minus said:
It seems like they always "want" the rest frame of the wire to appear neutral.
It isn't the electrons that want the wire to be neutral, it is the experimenter. He does so by not applying a high voltage to both ends of the wire.

If the experimenter wanted to charge the wire in his frame so that it was neutral in the drift frame of the electrons then he could do so simply by applying a high voltage to both ends of the wire (in addition to the small voltage difference across the wire).
 

FAQ: Why do the electrons want the rest frame of the wire to appear neutral?

What is the relativity of E & M?

The relativity of E & M refers to the principle of relativity in physics, which states that the laws of electromagnetism are the same for all observers in uniform motion. This means that the laws of electricity and magnetism apply equally to all objects, regardless of their relative velocities.

How does the relativity of E & M relate to Einstein's theory of relativity?

The principle of relativity in electromagnetism was first proposed by physicist James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century, but it was further developed and incorporated into Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity. Einstein's theory showed that the laws of physics, including electromagnetism, are the same in all inertial reference frames.

What is an inertial reference frame?

An inertial reference frame is a frame of reference that is not accelerating, rotating, or experiencing any other acceleration or deceleration. In other words, it is a reference frame in which the laws of motion and the laws of electromagnetism are the same.

How does the relativity of E & M impact our understanding of the universe?

The relativity of E & M is a fundamental principle of physics that has greatly impacted our understanding of the universe. It has led to the development of Einstein's theory of general relativity, which describes the relationship between gravity and the curvature of spacetime. Without the relativity of E & M, our understanding of the universe would be incomplete.

Can the relativity of E & M be observed in everyday life?

Yes, the relativity of E & M can be observed in everyday life. For example, the speed of light is the same for all observers, regardless of their relative velocities. This is why we experience phenomena such as the Doppler effect, where the frequency of a light wave appears to change depending on the relative motion of the source and observer. Additionally, everyday technologies such as GPS would not function properly without taking into account the relativity of E & M.

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