Why does P-a-s Convergence Equal Limm→∞ P({Supn≥m|Xn-X| ≥ε })?

In summary, the conversation is discussing the concept of a sequence of random variables converging to another random variable almost surely. This means that as the sequence gets larger, the values of the variables get closer to the value of the other variable. Checking this can be done by either calculating the limit of P({Supn≥m|Xn-X| ≥ε }) as m approaches infinity or by checking if P({limn →∞ Xn=X}C) = 0.
  • #1
stukbv
118
0
So I have a definition;
Xn n=1,2... is a sequence of random variables on ( Ω,F,P) a probability space, and let X be another random variable.
We say Xn converges to X almost surely (P-a-s) iff P({limn →∞ Xn=X}C) = 0

It then goes on to say that checking this is the same as checking
limm →∞ P({Supn≥m|Xn-X| ≥ε }) = 0
Can somebody please explain why this is true, I don't understand at all how to get from one to the other properly.

Thanks!
 
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  • #2
They're just two ways to express the same concept; that you can get Xn as close to X as you want with an n sufficiently large.
 
  • #3
stukbv said:
It then goes on to say that checking this is the same as checking
limm →∞ P({Supn≥m|Xn-X| ≥ε }) = 0

"It" isn't being very precise. I suppose mathematical tradition tells us that [itex] \epsilon [/itex] is a number greater than zero. Tradition also tells us that the quantifier associated with [itex] \epsilon [/itex] is "for each", so that's a hint about what it means. The notation it is using for sets is very abbreviated. The usual notation would tell us that a set is "the set of all... such that ...".

If you want to understand the assertions precisely, the first thing you must do is to understand precisely what they assert. I don't know if that is your goal. If it is, try to write out exactly what each of those statements claims using better notation.
 

FAQ: Why does P-a-s Convergence Equal Limm→∞ P({Supn≥m|Xn-X| ≥ε })?

1. Why is P-a-s convergence important in scientific research?

P-a-s convergence, or almost sure convergence, is important in scientific research because it ensures that the desired outcome or phenomenon will occur with high probability. This is especially important in experiments or simulations where the results need to be highly accurate and reliable.

2. What is the relationship between P-a-s convergence and limm→∞P({Supn≥m|Xn-X| ≥ε })?

The relationship between P-a-s convergence and limm→∞P({Supn≥m|Xn-X| ≥ε }) is that P-a-s convergence is a stronger form of convergence compared to limm→∞P({Supn≥m|Xn-X| ≥ε }). P-a-s convergence guarantees that the probability of the event occurring approaches 1 as the number of trials or iterations increases (i.e. as m→∞).

3. How does P-a-s convergence differ from other types of convergence?

P-a-s convergence differs from other types of convergence, such as convergence in probability or convergence in distribution, in that it requires the event or phenomenon to occur with probability 1. This means that there is no chance of the event not occurring, whereas with other types of convergence there may be a small probability that the event does not occur.

4. Can you provide an example of P-a-s convergence in a real-world scenario?

One example of P-a-s convergence in a real-world scenario is the law of large numbers in statistics. This states that as the number of trials or experiments increases, the sample mean will converge to the true population mean with probability 1. In other words, the probability of the sample mean being close to the population mean becomes higher as the number of trials increases.

5. How is P-a-s convergence used in scientific calculations and analysis?

P-a-s convergence is commonly used in scientific calculations and analysis, particularly in probability and statistics. It is used to determine the likelihood of a certain event occurring with high probability, which can then be used to make predictions or draw conclusions in scientific research. It is also used in simulations and experiments to ensure that the results are reliable and accurate.

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