The sun produces white light through a process called blackbody radiation, in which the sun's extremely hot core releases electromagnetic radiation at all wavelengths, including those that make up visible light. As a result, we see the combination of all these wavelengths as white light.
While the sun's light is composed of all visible wavelengths, it appears yellow to us because of the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth's atmosphere scatters shorter blue wavelengths of light more than longer red and yellow wavelengths, giving the sun a yellowish appearance when we see it from the surface.
Yes, the sun can produce light in other colors depending on factors such as atmospheric conditions and the sun's position in the sky. For example, during sunrise and sunset, the sun's light appears redder due to the longer path it takes through the Earth's atmosphere, which scatters shorter wavelengths.
The sun's light differs from artificial light in its composition and intensity. While the sun's light is a continuous spectrum of all visible wavelengths, artificial light sources often only emit specific wavelengths, resulting in a different color appearance. Additionally, the sun's light is much more intense and powerful than artificial light sources.
As the sun is a constantly changing star, its light can also change color. For example, during solar flares, the sun can emit bursts of ultraviolet light, giving it a bluish hue. Additionally, the sun's position in the sky can also affect the color of its light, as mentioned in question 3.