Apply Definition and 508 Threads

In mathematics and computer science, apply is a function that applies a function to arguments. It is central to programming languages derived from lambda calculus, such as LISP and Scheme, and also in functional languages. It has a role in the study of the denotational semantics of computer programs, because it is a continuous function on complete partial orders. Apply is also a continuous function in homotopy theory, and, indeed underpins the entire theory: it allows a homotopy deformation to be viewed as a continuous path in the space of functions. Likewise, valid mutations (refactorings) of computer programs can be seen as those that are "continuous" in the Scott topology.
The most general setting for apply is in category theory, where it is right adjoint to currying in closed monoidal categories. A special case of this are the Cartesian closed categories, whose internal language is simply typed lambda calculus.

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  1. J

    Programs How to recover GPA in order to apply to Master's programs?

    I'm an undergrad aspiring to be a candidate for a MS in Medical Physics. I came into freshman year as a physics major, did poor in my first physics class, and changed my major to business. After realizing that was a mistake after a year, I switched back to physics. My Major GPA is a 2.0 after 10...
  2. S

    Reference force apply in Ansys workbench

    Dear Sirs, when i lifting, i want to check the strength of structure, but i don't want to check padeye, because it's standard, but i must model padeye to apply force, so how can i apply force to padeye, but padeye just a reference body for my calculation, anyone help me pls, thank you so much
  3. W

    Equipartition ceasing to apply at what temperature?

    Homework Statement A tuning fork has a frequency of 440 Hz. A) What is the size of one quantum of energy of vibration? B) To approximately what temperature would the fork have to be cooled before equipartition would cease to apply to its thermal motions? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a...
  4. Z

    I Do normal differentiation rules apply to vectors?

    (I am not very sure if this is a high-school level question or a undergraduate level question. Sorry.) Does our normal differentiation rules, like the product rule and quotient rule apply to vectors? Say for example, differentiate ##r \times \dot r## ##r## is radius vector, ##\dot r## is the...
  5. Hilmy atha

    How much energy does the force of gravity apply to a bullet?

    Homework Statement A bullet was shot at 40m/s Elevation angle : 37° Bullet mass = 0.01 Kg Question : how much work is done by the force of gravity to the bullet since it was shot until it reaches the ground again Homework Equations mgh = E.Pot 1/2mv ^2 = E kinetic The Attempt at a Solution...
  6. KT KIM

    Apply Fermat's principle to a Concave mirror

    I am now taking optics class at my school. Fermat principle can be applied on mirror of course. Then what about Concave mirror? According to the calculus of variation. the optimized path(actual path of the light) should be the shortest path. but in the concave mirror case, it goes through the...
  7. V

    How to apply the First Law of Thermodynamics to this problem?

    Homework Statement A spring (k = 500 N/m) supports a 400 g mass which is immersed in 900 g of water. The specific heat of the mass is 450 J/kg and of water is 4184 J/kg. The spring is now stretched 15 cm and, after thermal equilibrium is reached, the mass is released so it vibrates up and...
  8. L

    How do I apply Maxwell's equations?

    For example, if I have a magnetic field perpendicular to some surface and I change this magnetic field with constant speed, how do I calculate the Electric field at any point on this surface, since ∫E⋅ds=k, where k is some constant, could be done with many different vector fields.
  9. davidge

    I Applications of Wedge-Product and Differential Forms

    Hi everyone. In reading some popular textbooks I noticed that in (maybe) most of GR and SR we don't encounter situations where we can use wedge-product and differential forms. However, these things are presented to us in most of the textbooks. But... if most of the books present them, it means...
  10. P

    Does the first maxwell equation apply only....

    For static electric fields? does it apply also for a generic electric field? Let's say, moving charges inside a closed surface? If there are charges accelerating in a closed surface a part of the electric field is due to the charges, and a a part is due to the fact that the charges acceleration...
  11. F

    B The Brachistochrone Curve - Which theories apply?

    Hello, I am doing a physics exam, where I have chosen to create a Brachistochrone curve, and perform various tests on it. Furthermore, I also have to write a physics report, containing the theory behind the curve, but I am not 100% sure what some of the theories behind the curve are. I suppose...
  12. Shaun Harlow

    A What is the formula 1/(dS/dE)>>0 and how does it apply?

    I am only aware that the formula has to do with entropy/thermodynamics. I could really use the help on how it applies in physics and what the formula is really about.
  13. T

    Do laws of thermodynamics really apply to ecosystems?

    From Odum (Father of modern ecology) Ecosystem follows the laws of termodynamics 1st law 2nd law The way the laws have been put it looks alright but they are valid for closed systems only which ecosystems are not. However according to wikipedia apart from having a closed system there are...
  14. binbagsss

    Schools Ok to apply for two phds from the same university?

    < Mentor Note -- OP deleted this original post, which has been restored by the Moderators. Thread will remain closed. > same professor. different topics from what i can make out - one more linked to partial differential equations, analysis, one using lagrangian/ hamiltonian dynamics and...
  15. bwest121

    I How do I apply Chain Rule to get the desired result?

    I'm reading a textbook that says: "The directional derivative in direction ##u## is the derivative of the function ##f( \mathbf x + \alpha \mathbf u)## with respect to ##\alpha##, evaluated at ##\alpha=0##. Using the chain rule, we can see that ##\frac {\partial}{\partial \alpha} f( \mathbf x...
  16. T

    I Do laws of physics apply below the event horizon?

    Do laws of physics apply below the event horizon? It appears as if black holes had such gravity as to have an escapr velocity higher than c, which means that things are pulled inwards at higher speeds than the speed of light. Or am I overlooking something?
  17. F

    Schools Where should I apply for my graduate studies?

    If everything goes right I am in my last year of my physics program in my university. I want to do research, I did a short internship at CERN and I would like to work there, and I know that for that I need to get a masters or a phd. The thing is that I am not sure to which university should I...
  18. M

    MHB How can we apply the functions?

    Hey! :o Let $\text{Val} = \{0, 1\}^8$, $\text{Adr} = \{0, 1\}^{32}$ and $\text{Mem} = \text{Val}^{\text{Adr}}$. The addition modulo $2^8$ of two numbers in binary system of length $8$, is given by the mapping: $$\text{add}_{\text{Val}} : \text{Val}\times \text{Val}\rightarrow \text{Val} \\...
  19. J

    Admissions What Graduate Programs Should I Apply to?

    Hi all, I am looking for advice on what physics graduate programs to apply to. My original list was: University of Maryland - College Park Harvard University Columbia University Caltech Pennsylvania State University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign Colorado University - Boulder UC-Barbara...
  20. muonneutrino

    Schools Seeking Advice for Where to Apply to University in Ontario

    Hi! I apologize in advance if you get a lot of indecisive kids like me putting spammy requests for first year university application advice and if I'm breaking any rules by putting this thread here etc just let me know. Anyway I'm an aspiring physicist in my last year of secondary school in...
  21. E

    Job Skills What Positions Can I Apply for With a PhD in Electrical Engineering?

    Hello, I would like to know what positions I can apply for based on my background. I have a bachelor's degree in computer engineering, and a master and PhD degrees in electrical engineering with specialization in wireless communications. My initial plan was to get a position in academia. But...
  22. M

    MHB Which test do we have to apply at each case?

    Hey! :o To check the convergence or divergence of series there are the following tests: Trivial test If a series $\sum a_k$ converges, then the sequence $a_k$ is a zero-sequence. With this test we can just prove the divergence, but not in general the convergence of a series. \ Ratiom...
  23. evinda

    MHB How do we apply the proposition?

    Hello! (Wave) I am reading the proof that if the function $v$ is subharmonic in $\Omega$ then $ H_{B_0}[v]$ is also subharmonic in $\Omega$. ($B_0 $ is a ball in $\Omega$) (We say that the function $v$ is subharmonic in $\Omega$ if for every ball $B \subset \Omega$ it holds that $v \leq...
  24. P

    How to apply Newton's laws to non-rigid bodies?

    Suppose we have a body of finite size which can be translated, rotated, compressed and stretched. We have every information about the body. We have its dimensions and everything. We have its mass and density. But, since I'm here talking about a completely generalized version, so we have variable...
  25. K

    I Does Special Relativity Apply to a Moving Clock?

    A Moving Clock runs slow. But, If time t has elapsed in the S frame, does SR apply to a clock moving with speed u in the x-direction in the S frame, relative to the S frame? Or does SR apply only when the clock is in another reference frame S' moving in the x'-prime direction, given that...
  26. T

    Admissions Where should I apply? Physics PhD programs

    Hey everyone, I am wondering if anyone can give me an idea of which physics PhD programs I should be looking at. I am a bit confused about which programs I would be competitive for. I have read things about how ranking and "minimum gpa" requirements are misleading when it comes to admissions...
  27. benorin

    I Does the incompleteness theorem apply to physics at all?

    I have been curious for some time, does the incompleteness theorem of mathematics have any consequences in physics? In order that I may understand your response you should know I'm was a senior math major at the university when last I was in school and my only physics background is the standard...
  28. M

    Admissions (UK) Where to apply for theoretical PhD programs in Physics?

    Firstly I'd like to apologise as I know this is a pretty common topic to post questions on! Basically I recently graduated with a first class (72% average) from the University of Southampton (Russell group, but obviously not Oxbridge level) and am planning to spend a year out applying to PhD's...
  29. Kirito123

    Apply Area and Pythagorean Theorem to a prism

    Homework Statement Homework Equations Formula for Area of a retangle : A = L x W Pythagorean theorem: A2 + b2 = c2 The Attempt at a Solution So I am pretty sure I did it correct but I just want to be 100% certain I will get this right, By the way its a picture cause I found it easier to...
  30. Eclair_de_XII

    How to apply the fundamental theorem to partial derivatives?

    Homework Statement "Under mild continuity restrictions, it is true that if ##F(x)=\int_a^b g(t,x)dt##, then ##F'(x)=\int_a^b g_x(t,x)dt##. Using this fact and the Chain Rule, we can find the derivative of ##F(x)=\int_{a}^{f(x)} g(t,x)dt## by letting ##G(u,x)=\int_a^u g(t,x)dt##, where...
  31. S

    A Can Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem Apply to Magnetic Forces

    Let's say I have multiple spin systems (atoms in a protein) in a solution of water and the spin systems are all producing a magnetic field \mathrm{B_{loc}} that affects nearby spin systems. Will the fluctuation-dispersion theorem apply to the force generated by a spin's magnetic field...
  32. T

    MHB Why can't I apply L'Hopital's rule to all indeterminate forms?

    I have a certain set of problems (i.e. https://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~kouba/CalcOneDIRECTORY/limcondirectory/LimitConstant.html), where many problems are in an indeterminate form ($\frac{0}{0}$) but if we apply L'Hopital's rule it yields an incorrect answer. Instead, I have to simplify the...
  33. StrawberrySaturn

    How can I apply extremely low forces to an object?

    I want to be able to build or find a mechanical device that can apply very low force/pressure to a material. I have considered using a stepping motor with a flat needle tip but I can't think of a way to make this delicate enough to not destroy my sample. I am wanting to apply forces in the range...
  34. Zoey

    How Can Ohm's Law Help Determine Current in a Parallel Circuit?

    Homework Statement Apply Ohm's law and the nature of parallel circuits to determine the total current in a parallel circuit with three resistors: 3Ω, 6Ω, and 9Ω, respectively. The total voltage in the circuit is 12V. Explain your reasoning. Homework Equations [/B] Ohm's LawThe Attempt at a...
  35. D

    Why does centripetal force not apply in gravitation problem?

    Homework Statement The elliptical orbit of a comet is shown above (hidden document I apologize but easy to picture). Positions 1 and 2 are, respectively, the farthest and nearest positions to the Sun, and at position 1 the distance from the comet to the Sun is 10 times that at position 2. What...
  36. T

    B How to apply Einstein's STOR to expansion

    Einstein's STOR states that if I was in an upward accelerating elevator I would not be able to tell if the weight I would be experiencing was due to acceleration or gravity from my frame of reference. This identical appearance idea work for expansion also? It has been stated many times that...
  37. O

    Other Should I apply to multiple job ads?

    I am doing my exchange studies in Sweden and have applied to two internship offers at Volvo. However, I've heard that the competition is tough (especially for non-native speakers). Application results are only for the next month. Should I apply to other internships/thesis placements across...
  38. ramzerimar

    Courses How could I apply electric/electronics to MechE?

    I really like Mechanical Engineering. I'm now at the second year of my undergrad and I'm now taking some specific courses in engineering - after a whole year of calculus and physics. I think it's the broadest engineering, and I'm an admirer of the aerospace industry and would like to work with...
  39. T

    I Do the Energy-Momentum Transformations apply to Photons?

    I apologize in advance for this dumb question, I think I know the answer but I just want to be sure.A photon has energy E = pc = hf Do the Energy-Momentum transformations: apply exactly to photons? Or must we introduce certain corrective terms? Let's say all this takes place in free space.
  40. Q

    B Does retrocausality only apply to subatomic particles?

    It seems that historical events are the same every day. If the future affected the past wouldn't history books change everyday by themselves? Is it possible that history does actually change but we don't realize it because our memories change too?
  41. M

    MHB Is My Application of the Neyman-Pearson Lemma Correct?

    What I have done so far... Is this correct so far? If not, would someone be able to provide an explanation as to how to solve this? I am not sure if I am going in the right direction. Thank you
  42. J

    Does the Inverse cube law apply for magnetic repulsion?

    Was just wondering is it only possible for magnetic attraction? because the force increases exponentially with decreased distance, or can it be used for repulsion. It's blatantly obvious that magnetic repulsion is a lot weaker than attraction, by a 10% margin. hence why repulsion is weaker, but...
  43. C

    Does Conservation of Momentum Apply to Electron/Atom Interactions?

    Electrons have a theoretical rest mass. They can move at varying speeds through space, unlike photons. They ehxhibit quantum-characteristics in their behavior. If an electron collides with, say, an atom, does conservation of momentum apply in the classical sense or does measurable mass (an atom...
  44. A

    Schools What universities should I apply to?

    Hi! I currently live in New Zealand and am in Year 11/Grade 10. Naturally as this is a physics forum I have been interested in doing physics degree when I leave high school. If I were to stay in New Zealand for undergraduate I would be going to the University of Auckland. What are your thoughts...
  45. B

    Do photon apply a force to the electron ?

    Hello PF members, In Newtonian perspective, applying a force to a object like ball causes it starts to moving and getting more speed and more energy. Do photon apply a force to the electron when it interacts with the atom and electron absorbs it? It seems electron gets more energy and goes to...
  46. H

    How does the law of conservation apply under these condition

    A person of 60 kg is holding on a rope of 3m while standing on a the ledge of a building of height 7m. The rope is fixed to a point at roughly eye level 3 m from ledge. The person walks off the building and is swung in a vertical circle. If the person let's go at approximately the same height he...
  47. AsrielDreemurr

    Why does Ohm's law not apply to transformers?

    How can a transformer increase the voltage yet lower the current? Are the equations P=VI and V=RI contradictory? Thanks in advance and sorry if I made any english mistakes.
  48. A

    Can we apply Friss equation to find field strength at the receiving point....

    Can we apply friss equation to find field strength at the receiving point for space wave propagation?
  49. evinda

    MHB How to apply the simplex method

    Hello! (Wave) I want to solve the following linear programming problem: $$\min (3y_1-y_2+2y_3) \\ 3y_1+2y_2-y_3 \leq 9 \\ 5y_2-y_3 \leq 1 \\ 4y_1-y_2 \geq 1 \\ y_1+y_2+y_3 \leq 3 \\ y_1, y_2, y_3 \geq 0$$ In this case we use the $M$-method.The canonical form of the problem is the...
  50. M

    Apply as Adult or Current Student? (Can. Univ.)

    I completed high school, and received diploma in '09. Currently I am in adult school advancing my high school credits. I am able to apply as either an Adult or as a Current Student. But, I don't know which I should choose; I have been told that I am able to apply as either, and each has its...
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