Atoms Definition and 880 Threads

UNITS m is meters kg is kiliograms K is degrees Kelvin s is seconds J is joules u is daltons = 1.66053906660(50)×10−27 kg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_(unit) 1 pc = 3.085678 x 1016 m CONSTANTS MH = mass of hydrogen atom = 1.007825 u = 1.673532784796145 ×10−27 kg...

1.p=mv Before the collision: p hydrogen = 1.7x10^-27 * 500 =8.5*10^-25 kg ms^-1 p carbon = 2.0x10^-26 * 0 = 0 kg ms^-1 p total before = 8.5*10^-25 kg ms^-1 The sum of momentum prior to the collision is equal to the total momentum after a collision, momentum is constant, therefore; p before = p...

I got one book by Cohen-Tannoudji, that is, Photons and Atoms. It is hard to understand for me now. What books are the prerequesites to read for understanding Cohen's this book?

My understanding from reading about the big rip is that matter itself will be torn, aka ripped, apart in the very last moments of the universe's existence as the expansion of the fabric of space-time mega-accelerates in those last fractions of a second. While the big rip is still a hypothesis...

Hello everyone, I was doing some calculations recently regarding particle velocities for different elements at different temperatures and I have a few questions for the experts in here. Usual gas laws in my school book provides information about the velocity of particles in gases, it provides...

I am a biology undergraduate interested in abiogenesis. The entropic explanation for the origin of life is that life is allowed to exist because it increases universal entropy. I am curious about how far we can take this theory down. How can you explain the emergence of atoms and atomic...

Condensed, simplified version:: https://www.livescience.com/physicists-entangle-15-trillion-hot-atoms.html The link at the end of the article does not always work, here is one that does. The research article: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15899-1 Cheers, Tom

I think my main question is pretty much summarised in the TL;DR. I have another related question: Is it possible for one to "create" two fermionic particles of the same charge but a different spin (using creation operators ## \hat{a}_{ \downarrow , + }(x,t)\hat{a}_{ \uparrow , + }(x,t) |0...

Suppose a atom has two energy levels ##\hbar \omega _ a##, and ##\hbar \omega _b##, and let ##\hbar \omega _0 =\hbar \omega _b -\hbar \omega _a ##. Also, there is a phton with enerigy of ##\hbar \omega##. If ##\hbar \omega =\hbar \omega _0##, then a atom in level ##\hbar \omega _ a## can absorb...

Hey, y'all. I know the oxidation state of a carbon in an ethene is -2 while carbon in Acetylene is -1. As well I know acetylene has more disspating elcetrons due to pai bonds. So how come charges between the acetylene carbon are more negative than in ethene while the carbones oxidations states...

The object you place in the microwave warm up because of the electromagnetic waves. How come the atoms of the air of the microwave do not warm up? Or do they only feel like they haven't warmed up, or do they not absorb the energy as much as the object you place in the microwave?

I am confused about the relation between the number state ##|n\rangle## with the annhilation and creation operators ##a^\dagger## and ##a## respectively, and the number of atoms in the harmonic oscillator. I'll try to express my current understanding, I thought the number states represent the...

Summary:: Based on this diagram can someone explain how atom of hydrogen gas can be made to emit photons of different energies?

Resources I have looked at distinguish between the three basic states of matter in terms of how closely particles are held together; i.e. in solids they are bound most closely, in liquids less so and in gases they're much freer. Would it not be more correct to refer to how closely atoms or...

an element (we will call it X) got a cofiguration of 1##s^2##2##s^2##2##p^6##3##s^2##s##p^3## what molecule is moste likely to happened between this element and Mg? 1.MgX 2.##Mg_2##X 3.Mg##X_2## 4.##Mg_3## ##X_2## how do i do it?with lewis structure?just check what structure makes the most...

According to Wikipedia, its (quoting) the number of discrete atomic-scale particles in it divided by the Avogadro constant So a molecule of hydrogen would have an amount of substance of 2/NA and would have a mass of 2/(6*10^23) daltons?

Atoms-to-mass conversion Step 1: First, convert the number of atoms to moles, then convert miles to grams Step 2: Second, use the inverse of the Avogadro’s number(moles to number of atoms) Are these the correct steps?

When two surfaces of any kind rub against each other which happens everywhere every moment, do they lose atoms/particles from the surface theoretically ? Is it what we understand as "wear"? However, looks like in our daily life, something doesn't seem to wear over time (even after many years)...

I am just asking how fast an electron spins around the nucleus of the atom at lower temperature such as indoors? and at high temp such as explosion or fire? I know that electricity electrons and energy transfer are much quicker, but I am just asking how fast an electron goes around the nucleus...

It says that for Ag atoms, from Kinetic Theory, the velocity vx of an atom of mass M is evaluated by setting (1/2)M(vx)^2 = 2kT This is my confusion. What I have studied is that it should be equal to (3/2)kT instead of 2kT.

I know precious little about quantum field theory, but want to understand the following. If each Fermion and Boson has its own field.. ..and as an example, the EM field can be in a coherent state, which is a superposition over many photon number states.. .. then can a fermion field, or...

The laws of physics breaks down at an atomic level, it also breaks down around black holes. could the two be related? could a black hole be an atom with a periodic number in the (insert ridiculous number here) ? If it were true that black holes where atoms / elements it'd turn two problems...

Hello, my friend says a single proton would be considered an atom and I am saying it would not not. Technically protons are hydrogen ions, and my friend is referencing the definition of ions via WEBSTER -_- Webster says ions are atoms with an uneven number of protons to atoms. Therefore, by...

So the sun is largely hydrogen atoms and those hydrogen atoms are undergoing fusion all the way up until they reach iron. My question is are the electrons orbiting around the nucleus just as they are in any normal object? Or is the sun just like a pool of electrons and protons floating around...

Is there a radiation method for efficienctly ionizing every electron off of atoms to produce strictly protons and neutrons Without generating tremendous heat?

One description of the interaction light with atoms states "Light waves incident on a material induce small oscillations in the atoms, causing each to radiate a small secondary wave in all directions". And another that "A photon with the right energy causes an electron to jump up to the next...

Summary: Neutrino A neutrino smashes into an atom and creates an electron - why doesn't the neutrino pass through the atom?

There was a time when they didn't believe in atoms. But thermodynamics and temperature still existed and applied. What are the ways that atoms can influence thermodynamics? I can only think of one now where the temperature of the nuclear warhead suddenly increased million folds due to the chain...

(I have very little training in Quantum mechanics) Can the Shrødinger equation show the probability distribution of the electron when it jumps from one atom to another, like in a circuit f ex. Thanks!

This might not really be that tuff a question, so the Rabi frequency... the definition that I seem to find in multiple locations seems to be in agreement with what's on wiki here: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi_frequency" but when I am reading a book by L. Allen "optical resonance and two...

I think I vaguely understand how it works but not completely. So far, I understand that fluorescent lamps have an electrode at both ends and are filled with an unreactive, low-pressure gas such as mercury. When the current passes through, the electrons are accelerated and they collide with the...

I found one answer somewhere else in the internet, It specified there that atoms cannot have rotational and vibrational energies since they don't have a point on them that will allow the atom to be rotated or vibrated. However , that answer did not suffice so I ask the same question here.

So, I was thinking that the total volume of the cube divided by the number of atoms (or rubber balls) should intuitively give the average distance between each ball. What I did was: N = number of balls D = avg distance between balls (2.5)^3 / N = D (2.5)^3 / D = N D = 2.8 - 2 * radius (I'm...

The Uehling potential due to vacuum polarization by virtual electron-positron pairs is said to be the dominant contribution — 205.0073 meV — to the Lamb shift between the 2P1/22P1/2 and 2S1/22S1/2 states of muonic hydrogen. In the Wikipedia page (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_shift), it is...

Considering the quantum mechanical model for an atom, what exactly happens when two atoms (say, two Ca2+ ions in a Brownian motion) collide with each other? As I know, this collision is not like a regular elastic or inelastic collision between two macroscopic objects. Is it mainly due to the...

We can use the method of the Green functions to calculate ioniation potentials and electron affinities of atoms and molecules. These quantities can be determined if we know the self-energy ##\Sigma(E)##, that is a function of the energy ##E##. A matrix element of the self-energy in the basis of...

I was just kinda wondering about this the other day and can't seem to find an answer on Google. Basically I'm wondering what would happen if an atom of anti-hydrogen for example, came in contact with a normal matter atom of greater mass, say a gold atom. I'm figuring that the positron and...

Homework Statement I learned that Covalent Bonds form between different specific atoms ( with similar electro-negativity ) with electrons. However, I wondered what type of bond would form between the different atoms if they had no electrons? Also , if I have 2 atoms with similar...

Hello,we just learned what was an atome and i was windering what would happen if you took one atom out of the universe?

just watched this how i don't see the atoms quantum tunnel instaneneously to another location? how come i don't see waves? how come i see billiard balls?

Hi All, The Potential Energy for two chemically bonding atoms is defined by ,U=1/2(k*q1*q2)/r So it means that when the atoms approach each other then, their Potential Energy will increase. Where am I doing wrong? I will be thankful for help!

Hi My question relates to existence of metastable states in atoms which help out laser production. Is there any physical reason why some orbits allow electrons to stay for comparatively longer time 10-3 s than others which allow only 10-8s? Is this stay time same for all materials? Please guide.

Homework Statement Do metal atoms, such as Ti and Na, have London-dispersion force?2. The attempt at a solution In the textbook by Tro (6th ed), "Since all atoms and molecules have electrons, they all have dispersion forces." But metal atoms are held together by electrostatic forces. I think...

it saids“if an apple is magnified to the size of the earth, then the atoms in the apple are approximately the size the size of the original apple” then why the atoms in the apple are "approximately" the size the size of the original apple, but not equal?

If this is not in the correct area please move it as I am not sure. Also the same with the prefix. I have searched this on the forum and could not find anything relating to it. https://phys.org/news/2018-09-scientists-mechanism-storage-atom.html

In the way I naively imagine a black hole's interior there are event horizons all the way down, and any material object of whatever size will straddle many event horizons. So, with both atoms and baryons, there cannot be any interaction between their components. Consequently, at the moment of...

If the Earth orbits the Sun due to the difference in their mass and their distance, then do atoms like air particles orbit humans due to the same reasons?

The problem statement, all variables and given/known data The radius of an aluminum atom is about 140 picometers. How many spherical aluminum atoms could line up across a page of paper?The paper's width is 21.59 cm. Converting to picometers, the width is 2.159 x 1011 pm I used the ratio of...

i would like to find the detailed calculation in the case of a two slits experiment with an excited atom. i only found the formulas when it decays near the slits. have you links? thanks

I want to know what is the difference in atoms when a cell is alive and after it is dead