Bonding Definition and 198 Threads

My lecture notes says it is ##\sigma + \frac{\pi}{2}##. Why is it not ##\sigma + \frac{\pi}{3}##? As each electron from every carbon is shared between 3 C-C bonds

Since SO3 has an expanded octet structure, the central S should form three double bonds with O, meaning S forms 3 pi bonds in total. However, after hybridisation of S, there are less than three unpaired electrons in unhybridised p-orbitals of S. How can S form 3 pi bonds when there aren’t enough...

1.) So first I differentiate and set it equal to 0 and get: $$\frac{A}{r^2} -\frac{Bn}{r^{n-1}} = 0$$ 2.) When solving for r, I'm not quite sure how to take away the exponent so I get up to the second to last step: $$r^{n-3} = \frac{Bn}{A}$$ Would it be: $$r = \sqrt[n-3]{\frac{Bn}{A}}$$ ...

Is there a general expression for the wave function $\psi$, which describes the electronic properties of an arbitrary covalent bond? For example is it equal to some sort of trigonometric expression?

I've seen both types of diagrams when drawing covalent dot and cross diagrams. And some students that I teach said that the electrons should be on the circles. But I do know that this is actually showing the electron overlap and electron field and in reality electrons are not in circular orbits...

Is a "double" ionic bond (the transfer of two electrons) like in MgO any stronger (or really any different, structurally etc.) than a "single" ionic bond (the transfer of one electron) like in NaCl?

I am a biology undergraduate interested in abiogenesis. The entropic explanation for the origin of life is that life is allowed to exist because it increases universal entropy. I am curious about how far we can take this theory down. How can you explain the emergence of atoms and atomic...

Hi all, Something I've been wondering - why don't two solid surfaces always stick together when touching each other? As far as I'm aware there are five basic types of solids: Atomic solids: Frozen noble gases containing single atoms held together by London dispersion forces. Molecular...

I can't figure out why hydrogen is more likely to bond to either the nitrogen or to the sulphur atom. I can't locate any information in any textbooks or online as to which molecule is more prevalent/common. This is not a homework question. I just came across one of these molecules and wondered...

Hello everyone, I'm just doing a bit of review of math to be used in electrolysis calculations. From the reference: https://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/Saucedo_Skyler_splitting-water-with-electricity.pdf the result for r12 on page 4, the author has 1.5 * 10e-11 m...

Suppose their are two electrons which are out of phase and they interact to create node due to which those electrons will be automatically present in anti bonding molecular orbital but we say antibonding molecular orbital have high energy...now there problem is that if their is no energy...

I seem to be having problems with part two in general, but here's my solution. Attractive force: ##F_{A}=\dfrac {k\left( 2\right) \left( -2\right) }{r^{2}}=\dfrac {-4k}{r^{2}} ## ##E_{A}=-\int ^{r}_{\infty }F_{A}\cdot dr ## ##\begin{aligned}E_{A}=\int ^{r}_{\infty }\dfrac {4k}{r^{2}}dr\\...

Q：Which atom of CO molecule will bond with Fe in hemoglobin? discuss in MO diagram and theory. A : Because the antibonding molecular orbitals have more carbon character (carbon is less electronegative than oxygen), one would expect the bond to form through carbon. please tell me. Why we have...

The book explains covalent bonding is due to exchange forces of attraction, which isn't a real force but the last term in [5.22]. This term arises due to electrons being indistinguishable particles. If electrons were distinguishable, there would be no exchange forces. Then, would there still be...

if the human skin consists of hydrogen, then why does not happen hydrogen bond through contact with something or with another person?

Hi All, The Potential Energy for two chemically bonding atoms is defined by ,U=1/2(k*q1*q2)/r So it means that when the atoms approach each other then, their Potential Energy will increase. Where am I doing wrong? I will be thankful for help!

there is some chemical bond between the skin of one person and another during touching?

https://ps.uci.edu/~cyu/p224/LectureNotes/lecture7/lecture7html/ Does NaCl have a wavefunction? If so, is it entangled?

Alright guys...for the past month and a half my chemistry class consisted on lectures on chemical bonding. From the days of Kossel and Lewis To modern concepts of VSEPR,Hybridisation and Molecular orbital theory. According to Wikipedia they say the two basic models based on quantum mechanics...

I am sure this question will have been asked elsewhere, so please forgive me if it has. My question involves the transfer of electrons in ionic bonding. We are told that a metal will give up its outer most electron because by doing so it will gain the electron configuration of a noble gas...

I have been researching on the bonding energies of different compounds, and for example, for CO2 it is 1600kJ/mole, 1600kJ/44g, or ~36.37kJ/g of energy required to split the carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen. Furthermore, I transformed the amount of energy required in kJ to degrees celsius...

If each electron cloud repels other electrons and other atoms, then why can two or more atoms form molecules? Is it to do with negative and positive charges?

Homework Statement How many hydrogen bonds can methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate form with molecules of the same compind? Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution There's a hydroxyl group on the second carbon of the benzene ring and a double-bonded oxygen with 2(3?) lone pairs, so I'm...

Hello i would like to know how to find out the bond strength of the adhesive tape. The problem is i have a aluminum block of 10 kgs. I want to stick the block on a steel wall with double tape. Now how can i calcualte the bonding force of the bond between the1) tape and wall 2)tape and block

I learned some time ago that in table salt, the valence electron spends only about 2/3 of its life in chlorine, and goes home on the weekends. This still feels weird to me, because every representation of an ionic compound shows the ions as completely separate. So what does the covalent bonding...

Hi, I just have a few questions I'm struggling to find straightforward answers to online. The 4 quantum numbers of an electron in an atom describe the energy level, shape and suborbital of the orbital, and the fourth assigns a value to the electron's spin. Question 1) why is it in lone atoms...

Homework Statement I'm considering a molecule made by three atoms, each a vertex of an equilateral triangle. Each atom has a covalent bond with its neighbours, sharing their only valence electron. I must estimate the energy gain when creating the molecule, using tight binding theory. Homework...

Hey there, With covalent bonds, we have bonding and antibonding states. If we now have, let's say sp or sp2 states, doesn't matter, is there an equivalent bonding or antibonding state related to this sp bond ? I mean, why sp states wouldn't have antibonding states like every normal covalent bond ?

Could someone explain the bonding of copper(2) oxide to me? What are each element's EC before and after? i understand the copper has a variable valency and in this case it looses 2 electrons to make the overall charge 0. however i don't understand the electron configurations. coppers EC before...

Hello, I am not sure whether it is the right place to post this but I am a bit confused about the bonding in chemistry and the binding energy in physics. From what I have read, in a nuclear fusion reaction, the released energy due to mass defect is converted to the kinetic energy of the product...

Hi all, I have a question about the quantum nature of ionic bonds. I know some ideas about molecular bonding which can combine two ground state of H atom to get a bonding state and an anti-bonding state which in the case of H2 molecules it correspond to the covalent bonding (sharing of...

When beryllium donates a pair of electrons to oxygen, that's oxidation, and the metal is Be(II). When carbon and oxygen share 6 electrons, 2 from carbon and 4 from oxygen, this is also oxidation. Of carbon. Even though it got more electrons, and even, I heard, has a negative charge. When...

I was wondering whether it is possible for amino acids that end up in a cell (ready to be made into proteins) to spontaneously start to bond in the cytoplasm (or wherever the routing channel is I guess) and create randomly floating short strands of polymers? Furthermore, can it ever happen that...

Hi, I read in a textbook that covalent bonds are formed when atoms share an electron. The book gave an example of the H2 molecule. I'm having trouble understanding how H2 can still bond when the nuclei and electrons are repelling. Shouldn't that cancel the attraction force between the atoms?

In the hydrogen molecule ion, one electron is responsible for the covalent bond between the atoms. But is it possible for one single elctron to create two bonds or more? What happens if we solve the Shrödinger equation for 3 protons and 1 electron?

Recently, I have been studying flexible thin film transistor (TFT), so I wonder the relationship between flexibility and chemical bonding. Chemical bondings composed of sp3 orbital, s orbital, which one is more flexible? Which one of amorphous Si film, poly Si film, IGZO film is more flexible...

Homework Statement A Titanium alloy hast he following mechanical properties: ultimate tensile strength = 860 MPa, yield stress = 780 MPa, maximum strain = 15%, Young’s Modulus E = 120 000 MPa, density ρ = 4,5 g/cm3. To what percentage can the material be deformed elastically? Plastically? How...

Hi All, I'm working on a process involving induction heating. I'm heating up an irregular shape ss die to make a bond. My dilemma is in my understanding of where the eddy currents will be that generate the heat (based on skin effect). The clam shell die is pictured below. The right hand...

I was going through the chapter Chemical Bonding in one of the books and found something about orbital dipole due to lone pairs. In each diagram the orbital dipole due to lone pair was directed from the central atom to the end of the hybridized orbital (lone pair). Why is that so?

How do we prove that tetrahedral arrangement is the arrangement which allows 4 points to be maximum apart from each other about a fixed centre, assuming that the points are all symmetrical about the centre. (I am asking in context of the structures of the molecules like CH4, since there the...

Homework Statement (linear combination of atomic orbitals): Lets consider two atoms which are bond together with a covalent bond. Let's consider any sets of wavefunctions |n\rangle for n=1,2,...,N. Let's call orbital |1\rangle around nucleus 1 and orbital |2\rangle around nucleus 2 and so on...

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I am guessing P is a noble gas and Q is in group I. Therefore A, B, C and E can be canceled out. S is a transition metal. It is a metal lattice structure. But I guess it could be described as a giant structure, so would you say D...

So if energy levels, or eV of electrons, do not change with molecular bonding, how are electrons influencing each other.? In glass, when individual atoms of silicon, sodium, and calcium come together, to form glass, the molecular bonding does not change the energy levels of the electrons for...

is there a theoretical way to cut solid mater by disrupting the electron field holding atoms together

In a covalent bonded molecule, what is the force responsible for the molecule staying together. To my knowledge it's to do with electrons of opposite spins and being at a lower energy with valence shells filled but what is the force itself that pulls a second atom along if the atom it's bonded...

Hi everybody, I am new in this forum, and i have to say that i am not the best in physics but, i always loved playing with paint, carbon fiber and fiberglass etc... I had an idea of trying to make a Helmet with a science-fiction look ( halo ) and make it legally to wear it ( In thailand ) I...

There's a rule bout unlike charges attract and like charges repel one another. How is it that in chemical bonding like in covalent bonding electrons form a bond or there is attraction from one unto the other. Isn't that ironic?

Hi there, I'm studying for IGCSE Chemistry and I'm a little confused with Bonding/Molecules. My textbook says: "Molecules are held together by covalent bonds" I'm a little confused by this as I thought a molecule was formed when two or more atoms (same or different elements) join together...

Induced dipoles result in Van der Waals' forces and permanent dipoles in hydrogen bonds, right? But how do you know is a compound has formed hydrogen bonds or Van der Waals' forces? For example, HF forms hydrogen bonds while HCl forms Van der Waals' forces and not hydrogen bonds. But in HCl, H...

Homework Statement The problem was to tell how many hydrogen bonds there are between cytosine and guanine. and I know there are three. http://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/Cytosine_Guanine_base_pair.png But I think I might be misunderstanding the hydrogen bond concept. I thought that hydrogen...