Bonding Definition and 198 Threads

I'm a new Gaussian 03W user and I have what I assume is a pretty basic question. How does Gaussian "know" how atoms are bonded to each other when a molecule is specified in an input file. An example molecule specification in Cartesian coordinates follows: 0 1 C 0.00 0.00...

I know what Covalent bonding is... and i know what bonding order is. I couldn't think of anything where there is a triple bond or higher... I just wanted to see if anyone could come up with a few examples. Thanks~ ^_~

Does anyone know firstly what this type of formula is called: H-H, i know that it describes the bonding but can't remember what it is called :O Secondly, how would i show the bonding in aluminium oxide usingthis type of formula?

1. Why do anions, such as the chloride anion, increase in size when they achieve a full valence electron shell? This does not make sense to me because there is no new shell that is added. 2. How would you name ionic compunds involving polyatomic ions? My book says that (NH4)2CO3 would be...

When individual atoms bond to form a metal lattice, the total energy decreases, but does the kinetic energy of the electrons increase or decrease? What about the potential energy? Does it increase due to pauli exclusion or decrease due to the decrease in distance between the ion and electron...

[SOLVED] Hydrogen bonding Which types of bonding are present in CH3CHO(=ethanal) in the liquid state? I. Single covalent bonding II. Double covalent bonding III. Hydrogen bonding A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III The solution is A but I can not...

Homework Statement The concentration of Ca2+ in hard water can be determined by titration with a reagent X which forms a complex with Ca2+ giving a change in colour. Since the colour change is sensitive to pH, the titration has to be carried out in an alkaline buffer. Th structure of X is...

Homework Statement QUESTION: Methane (CH4) is a gas at room temperature and pressure while water is a liquid. In both molecules hydrogen atoms are bonded to a non-metal element. Water also has a much higher heat of vaporization than methane even though the molecular weights of these two...

[SOLVED] directional bonding I was wondering how I could determine if a molecule has directional bonding or non-direction bonding? Is it determined by the shape of a molecule?

[SOLVED] Ambiguous bonding question Like I said it's just an ambiguous bonding question. Non-bonding pairs of electrons 1. Create repulsions with other bonded atoms and other non-bonded pairs of electrons. 2. Do not influence molecular polarities because they are not involved in the...

CF4 is it 109.5 degrees for the angle NH3 109.5 degrees for this angle SO4^2- 109.5 for this angle NH4+ 109.5 degrees for this angle H2S 180 degrees for this angle PO4^3- 109.5 degrees for this angle HCl 180 degrees for this angle NF3 190.5 SiH4 190.5 BF3 190.5 C2H6 190.5 C2H4...

More questions lol. Ive looked this up and still can't get a clear answer. Lets say you have Boron...this atom has 5 valence electrons. I know that it can just have 3 covalent bonds with one other atom of Boron like this: :B lll B But could it not just have a single convalent...

[SOLVED] Covalent bonding? How do i write combined covalent bonds? For example how would i put together C and C to make a covalent bond(would it just be CC)?

Homework Statement I just made a thread on this but i did not understand the answer so I am asking for a simpler definition. How do I get from Na+¹ + O-² to Na2O?? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution no idea

Anyone know of any glues or epoxies that would be able to bond steel to nylon fairly well? It should be able to withstand about 30-50lb of force, and the steel fastener is only about 8oz, so I don't need anything hardcore like 2ton epoxy, rather something that is simple and over the counter.

So I'm having trouble grasping the theories of Chemical bonding and I'm taking Organic Chemistry. I know it's not realistic that I will truly understand it, but I'd like some grasp of it. This book is written by Linus Pauling and I know he is a 2-time Nobel Prize winner, but is this book at my...

Homework Statement Explain why hydrogen fluoride (HF) has a higher boiling temperature than hydrogen chloride (HCL) even though HF has a lower molecular weight. Attempt OK so from the looks of it I think that the bonding that bonds the H to the Cl and the H to the F is polar covalent. So...

hi guys, i need help on the bonding of LiAlH4. can it considered an ionic bonding because Li is Li+ and AlH4 is AlH4-. seems like a perfect ionic bonding situation to me. or is the bonding simply convalent, permanent-dipole permament-dipole attraction to be exact.

Homework Statement Arrange in increasing order of bond length: CO, CO2, CO3^2- The Attempt at a Solution CO2 has double bonds, CO has back bonds and Co3 2- has a partial double bond (resonance), so it should be CO2>Co3 2->CO. Is that right?

I was wondering why hydrogen bonding only occurs in molecules containing H and one or more of the following: N, O, and F. Why isn't Cl included in this list? The reason I ask is because the electronegativity of Cl is very close to (and even equal to one of) the electronegativities of the...

hi, could anyone kind enough to tell me what are directional bonding and non-directional bonding? what are the difference between them?

I am not positive if I did this correctly, but I was wondering if someone could check and then, potentially, offer ideas. The question asked to use bond energies and estimate the energy change deltaH (in kJ/mol) for N=N + 2H2 --> H2N-NH2 (that first N=N is triple) I think I just...

What determines the ionic nature of a bond? I am a bit confused regarding this. Is it the polarising ability of the cation or the greater electronegativity of the anion? Regarding fajan's rules, smaller the size of the cation (and greater the charge) and smaller the size of the anion, greater...

Hi. I need help with (part of) this exercise: c) By considering the differences in bonding determine which of the combustion reactions (in part a) I have written combustion reactions for the following hydrides: B2H6, CH4, NH3 and H2S) must be expected to have the lowest energy of activation...

This is what I woke up to this morning. :biggrin: I just love my deer. :!) And apparently, so does little Bun kitty. :approve: http://img337.imageshack.us/img337/8925/onecomfeydeerresized1on.jpg

I was wondering about Hydrogen and wether or not it can form Pi bonds.

Can anybody here please explain to me about the spin of an electron in the covalent bond? My textbook just says that it follows the Hund’s rule. Moreover I am confused with one more statement in the text – it says that in a covalent bond, in the bonding molecular orbital the electrons tend to...

While studying chemical bonding for methane,ethyne etc., I have made the following assumption to help me to remember the sigma bond, pai bond, and hybrid orbitals. 1. Every single covalent bond around a carbon atom is a sigma bond. 2. Only one of the bond in double and triple covalent bond...

Hi, Just starting a solids course got a bit thrown by this, haven't done much thermodynamics which seems to be relevant here. Q: The interatomic binding of a materail is such that it can be considered classicallly with the bonds being treated as if they are harmonic springs with three...

What is the energy wavelenth used by ATP? Or even, what kind of form is energy in when used to do work in cells? Electrical? Heat? Electromagnetic?

I just started a worksheet and wanted to check the answers I've gotten thus far and ask for a bit of help with the ones I'm stuck on.:smile: [What's bolded is my answer.] A chemical bond is an attractive force that holds atoms together. Chemical bonding is the process of atoms...

Could somebody please explain the 2-fold degenerate sigma 2p is lower in energy than that of 4-fold degenerate the pi 2p bondings state in the O2 molecule? Does it have anything to do with resonance energies perhaps?

Hi, i have more of a chemistry than a physics question. I am conducting an experiment to separate ethanol from water via fractional distillation, however through calculations i have found that some of the ethanol remains bonded to the water due to the strong hydrogen bonds. Is there any other...

Hello, I have done an experiment and I am having trouble explaining why certain things happen. The topic is intermolecular bonding. I used three liquids, each is composed of different types of bonds. liquid 1) Hydrogen bond liquid 2) bonding due to dipole forces liguid 3) bonding due to...

Hello. Covalent bonding molicules, right, are usually in lower quantum energy states. e.g. for a typical dihydrogen mol at air temp, the 2 electrons are often in the first or second lowest quantum state. But, natch, the molicule can still exist with the electron at higher quantum states. In...

Hello I did an experiment and here are my results. Observations Liquid Depth of vortex Time Paint thinner 2 lines (2.0 cm) 4 seconds Oil 1 line ( 1.0 cm) 2 seconds Water 3 lines ( 3.0 cm) 8 seconds Questions 1. Based on the results from the experiment I would say that paint...

Hi all, When bonding aluminium alloys, an oxide layer is needed between (I think) the substrate and the adhesive. Why? And does this oxide layer have to be supplied by some kind of primer, or is a natural oxide film acceptable? Does anyone know what chemical purpose the primer provides...

In an experiment related to bonding in liquid I was required to stir three liquids: Water, Paint Thinner, and Vegetable oil. Thereby creating a vortex in each liquid and recording the depth of the vortex plus the time the vortex took to disappear. My results where that water produced the deepest...

Solidity is an illusion made by electrons repelling each other. A liquid, however doesn't have bonds between its atoms as strong as a solid does, hence the ability to flow.

Why the energy of 3s electron of Na is much higher than that of the 3p electrons of Cl?

In metals, we have positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalised elctrons which can move independantly of the metal ions. But why do these electrons leave the atoms which create the ions in the first place? Thanks.

Consider the delocalized P orbitals of butadiene (above). Which of the following statements are true ? C4H6, it has 2 double bonds a) Butadiene has 2 P orbitals b) Butadiene has 8 P electrons c) The highest energy P orbital in butadiene has no nodes besides...

Periodicity & Chemical Bonding "Homework Help" General Chem 30. How does ionization energy change as one proceeds a) across the periodic table in a horizontal row b) down the periodic table in a vertical group Give an explantion for each answer. 31. Arrange the following atoms or ions...

When metal oxides react with water, the oxygen generally ends up as the hydroxide ion, separate from the metal. In contrast, when nonmetallic oxides react with water, the oxygen ends up as part of the nonmetals species. What connection is there between this contrasting behaviour of metal and...

1. What test would determine whether a solid substance contains ionic bonds? and 2. a) Explain why graphite is soft and has a high melting point. b) Explain why diamond is hard and has a high melting point. c) Why is diamond a poor conductor of an electric current and graphite a good...

Tun, te tum, please read these thoughts I've written and commment. Consider two hydrogen atoms. As they are electrically neutral they shouldn`t be any electro-magnetic attraction. But! They do do that co-valent boding thing which fills up their electron energy states. So isn`t there an...

I am relaying this question from rtharbaugh1, who originally posted it to a thread in the Quantum Physics forum: https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?s=&postid=98040 Can any of you chemistry nerds answer this? :smile: - Warren