Bonds Definition and 203 Threads

Curious about the wave functions of elections shared in covalent bonds. If you have two hydrogen atoms w elections in the lowest energy state with the same spin and they join together to form a molecule H2 The spin of one of the elections will change (randomly?) The electons of the two...

Here is a screenshot of a slide that the professor went over in class (PV = Present Value): http://dl.dropbox.com/u/64325990/ECON%20102/Capture.PNG I think the reason why I don't understand what's going on in the math is because I don't understand the question at all. So the bond pays $100...

I am having difficulties understanding the concept of hybridization and the σ and ∏ bonds. My current understanding is that basically you just mix up a p and s orbital and it gives you an sp orbital, and if the bonds touch they are σ bonds, and if the bonds are parallel the are ∏ bonds. I don't...

Hello everybody. I would like to ask the following: Imagine a source of strong electric filed. For example a positively charged metal sphere. Then we put a small (relatively to the source of the electric field) metal object in the electric field. Electron inside the metal move in such way, that...

Hey, I'm wondering how you figure out the number of hydrogen bonds acting between molecules. I know each water molecule supposedly makes 4 hydrogen bonds with other water molecules through my reading, but I want to know how many for isopropyl alcohol, which has only one OH group. I know its less...

hi. i have a problem. it's task 13. please help =) 12. Based on information about the yields of government bonds you have the following term structure: Time to maturity 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years Yield 5% 8% 9% 8% What is the expected...

I'm a little confused on hydrogen bonds. Here's a sample question and answer I'm having trouble with:1) In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by A) hydrogen bonds. B) nonpolar covalent bonds. C) polar covalent bonds. D) ionic bonds. E) van der Waals...

Is it possible to weaken the bonds of H2O with by inducing a specific vibrational frequency? This idea had been rolling around in my mind for years. My thought is that if the bonds could be weakened by less energy then electrolysis alone it may become economical. I realize that some research is...

I was reading about the chemistry of diborane, and there's something puzzling me. John B. Russell, in his "General Chemistry" book states that the boron atom in the diborane "uses all its orbitals in the valence shell forming four hybrid sp3 orbitals, two of which will be used in the bonding...

I recently found a table of electronegativity differences, where certain differences where used to define certain types of bonds. However I found different values at different sites so I wonder if someone could help sort this out. Link 1...

Hello, I wouldn't necessarily regard this as homework. While these are errors I believe I have found within an online course in which I am currently enrolled, my asking is simply carried out with interest in acquiring an accurate knowledge of entry-level chemistry. While studying polar...

How do electrons revolve around in molecule bonded by covalent bonds? An electron revolves around one nucleus. But if it is going to be shared by another nucleus(as in covalent bond), then how will the electron revolve? does it go all around both the nucleus? Please explain a little deeply.

Homework Statement This is not a homework question. I found a question in my book that which orbitals form sigma bonds. I am wondering if any of the f-orbitals form sigma bonds? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution

In chemistry its often said that energy must be added to system to break atomic bonds and conversely when atoms bond energy is released. I can picture why it takes energy to break a bond, for instance to ionize a hydrogen atom you have to exert a force on the electron to overcome the...

I just took my balance in my 401K program out of all stocks, bonds, and corporate stock funds and put the into FIXED. I never thought I would see this day happen, but what I see (not happening) in Washington in addressing the debt limit gives me cause for concern. IMHO, it is better to...

Homework Statement An organic acid has the formula C11H19COOH. How many carbon-carbon double bonds does a molecule of the acid have? 2. The attempt at a solution I drew the entire structural formula and got 2. But apparently, under exam conditions, I would not have time to draw the...

Hi, I am from an engineering background and I am in the process of learning about semiconductor physics to get a more generalized picture on the operation of the devices rather than just the operating characteristics. To start with I am studying about the p-type and n-type semiconductors...

Homework Statement I was wondering why bonds are more stable at cooler temperatures than at higher temperatures. This question came from a research project about annealing (heating then colling) plastics and why polyethylene maintains its shape when it's cooled.

Homework Statement If a bank issues a mortgage to a borrower, let's say that it was for $P, for t years with an annual interest rate i% compounded monthly. Then, to the bank, can this essentially be treated like a bond with price $P, coupon rate i% and maturity t years? It could be...

I read that coordination bonds can be formed when a Lewis base like NH3 uses its lone pair of electrons to bond to an empty d orbital on a transition metal. I don't get how this applies to elements with 5 or more electrons in their d orbital though. For example cobalt has 7 d electrons so I'm...

Hi- I have been working on a problem and cannot figure out the last part. First, I needed to calculate the average pi-bond contribution to the enthalpy for C-C single, double, and triple bonds. Given: C-C single=348, doube=614, triple=839 kj/mol I calculated: 839-614=225 614-348=226 So the...

I have some basic questions on bonds. Take two identical particles in their ground state. When separated, the Hamiltonian can be written as the matrix: 1 0 0 1 where 1 is the energy. When brought close together, there is the possibility of transitions through off-diagonal terms, and the...

In fact, why do the PE of atoms decrease when they form bonds, in terms of molecular interpretation, i.e. what actually happened in the atoms making they have lower energies?

Sodium is a soft, reactive metal. Chlorine is a poisionous, reactive gas. Expose them to one another and they will form table salt, through ionic bonding. The compound is bonded throughout, forming a geometric matrix of bonds. If submerged in water, it will be dissolved into free Na+ and...

Hello everyone, Is their simple reason for this. Like how there must be 8 electrons in outer shell,I know that is very basic and probably not applicable, or is this something to do with sub shells etc. Also in billirubin metabolism. Why do red blood cells produce hemin which is iron in...

Because if redox is the transfer of electrons between atoms, and ionic bonding is when one or more electrons go are transferred from one atom to another, wouldn't that mean it is basically a redox reaction?

Hi I am new on here and also new to science. I am in College getting my Biology 12 and Chemistry 11. I am having a really hard time understanding the difference between the ionic and the covalent bond. I am having trouble understanding: a) the net charge that creates an ion b)the ionic...

When describing change of phase, it is very commonly said that molecules in hotter materials vibrate more, weakening the intermolecular bonds within them. My question is "How can increased vibrational velocity weaken these bonds?" It certainly makes sense that greater vibration increases...

Say we have sp2 hybridization of nitrogen, can the unhybridized p orbital form sigma bonds too or can it only form pi bonds? So in the case of nitrogen, it would be able to form molecules with 2 sigma bonds and one pi bond, correct? Thanks

The strength of an acid is determined by the amount of it per volume ionizes right? So is it safe to say acids, when not in water, are composed of ions? So for example, HCL has the potential to be an acid,as it is made of a H ion and a CL ion, but cannot be until it reacts with water, because...

Hello! I'm confused about something I've read. It says that double bonds that are separated by single bonds can delocalise the electrons, forming conjugated bonds. I guess this is what happens in benzene with the formation of the pi-ring of electrons. It also states that this lowers the energy...

When energy is to be gained correct? It takes more energy to take a valence electron off Na than energy is gained when it is put on another atom to make a cation. I know the energy didn't just disappear, energy never does, what happened to the remaining energy that wasn't gained?

Homework Statement Draw the two enantiomers of ibuprofen using the correct dash and wedge bonds. Homework Equations (I was given a flat molecule like the one above.) The Attempt at a Solution I put a wedge from the asymmetric carbon to the hydrogen and a dash from the asymmetric carbon...

I have gotten the principles of them down, but I still have some more detail to cover. From what I know about Ionic bonds is the following. -When an atom reacts with another atom in order to gain a full valence shell, the atom can either lose and electron, or gain one depending on the number of...

Homework Statement For a biology lab dealing with chemistry, we are supposed to make models (ball and stick) of molecules, and then we need to write the structural and molecular formulas. The models should represent single or double bonds based on the molecular composition. The problem is...

Can 4' to 5' phosphodiester bonds, rather than 5' to 3' bonds, in reference to oligonucleotides exist? If so, then what would the structure look like (especially since carbon 4 on the sugar lacks a hydroxyl group)? Thank you.

Hi, I'm trying to figure out if it is possible to induce (hydrogen) bond breakage between DNA base pairs by resonance. Does anyone know if this is possible or even aware of bond breakage in other molecules by similar methods? Thanks!

How does one determine when a coordinate covalent bond will occur?

I was looking at sulfur hexafluoride and noticed that the sulfur forms 6 bonds with fluorine. Wouldn't 2 bonds put it at 8 valence electrons? How does it form so many extra bonds when it only needs 2? Edit: I should word this as "How does sulfur form 6 bonds with fluorine? Wouldn't that give it...

I had a question in a lab about which elements are least likely to form polar covalent bonds with hydrogen. From what I understand, what governs how polar a bond is, is the electronegativity of the element. The answer said that Carbon was the one which was least likely to form the bond, but...

1. NH3 ,NH3 2. H2O , NH3 3. CH4 ,NH3 4. CH4 ,CH4 5. CH3OH ,CH3OH 6. H2O ,CH3OH 7. CH3OCH3 ,H2O 8. CH3OCH3 ,CH3OCH3 9. CH3OH ,CH3OCH3 which one of those pair molecules could make hydrogen bonds? i know i law that H bonds with N O F so its 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 pairs but...

Homework Statement 1,2-difluoroethylene has two isomers, cis and trans, and they do not interconvert readily. However, cis and trans isomers of (C6H5)HC=CH(C6H5) do interconvert (but slowly). How is the intermediate required for that interconversion stabilized by the phenyl groups...

A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between one electronegative atom and a hydrogen covalently bonded to another electronegative atom. Doesn't this apply to hydrochloric acid?

Is this how you tell when to form double bonds when drawing lewis structures, such as with CO2?

A contractor furnished a performance bond having a face value of $100,000 and a payment bond of $100,000. The contract price was a lump sum of $1,000,000. The contractor had completed 60 percent of the work and had been paid $540,000 by the owner. Then the contractor defaulted, leaving unpaid...

After a ligand bonds to a receptor through intermolecular forces, how is it unbound and what happens to it after it is?

I came across an interesting problem involving covalent bonds that I'm having trouble solving. If you're given a bond energy and a bond length, how would you find the frequency of vibration of the covalent bond? I tried to approach this through dimensional analysis and I'm not seeing how I would...

Are bonds between Carbon and Hydrogen polar?

Hello, This is not a 'homework problem' but I think it fitted more correctly in this thread than other more advanced ones. Basically, I am a first year undergraduate who did not study Chemistry at A-level. I am quite a serious student and I am trying to increase my background understanding of...

is that at equilibrium, energy,U=0 from the equation below? U(R) = −(A /R6 )+ (B/R12 ) i nid to differentiate the equation and equate U=0?