Car Definition and 999 Threads

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than goods.Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex, but also more reliable and easier to operate. These include rear-reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025. The transition from fossil fuels to electric cars features prominently in most climate change mitigation scenarios, such as Project Drawdown's 100 actionable solutions for climate change.There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs to the individual include acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society include maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, healthcare, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Traffic collisions are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.Personal benefits include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence, and convenience. Societal benefits include economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from the automotive industry, transportation provision, societal well-being from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from taxes. People's ability to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. There are around 1 billion cars in use worldwide. Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other newly industrialized countries.

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  1. M

    A 1130-kg car is held in place by a light cable on a frictionless ramp

    Homework Statement A 1130-kg car is held in place by a light cable on a very smooth (frictionless) ramp. The cable makes an angle of 31.0° above the surface of the ramp, and the ramp itself rises at 25.0° above the horizontal. a). Find the tension in the cable. b). How hard does...
  2. N

    Will You Collide with the Car Ahead?

    Homework Statement You're speeding at 85km/h when you notice that you're only 10m behind the car in front of you which is moving at the legal speed limit of 60km/h. You slam on your brakes and your car negatively accelerates at 4.2m/s/s. Assuming the other car continues at constant speed, will...
  3. J

    10 Watt Solar To Car Battery With Diode

    I have an 800 amp car battery no load connected at anytime to a 10 watt solar panel with just a regular diode in between after 4 or 5 hours in the sun terminal voltage reads 16 volts is this good? Would a battery connected this way last longer than one that sits idle uncharged for 6 months? John
  4. G

    Conservation of momentum mine car problem

    Homework Statement A mine car of mass 440kg rolls at a speed of 0.50m/s on a frictionless horizontal track. A chunk of coal of mass 150kg has a speed of 0.80m/s as it leaves a chute above the car. The angle of the chute is 25 degrees from the horizontal. After the coal has come to a rest in...
  5. O

    Final velocity and total mass of train car below hopper

    Homework Statement A cart, starting at rest, is below a hopper at t=0. The hopper drops coal into the cart at a constant rate μ. At t=0 a constant force starts pushing the cart to the right and the coal begins to fall. The force ends once the back of the cart passes the hopper. A) Find...
  6. M

    Calculating Cooling Load of a Car Engine: Where to Begin?

    Homework Statement hello friends,i have to do a project about calculations of cooling of a car engine.i don't know what to do or where will i start.can you offer me some links or books about this area please.how can i find how many wats of heat, say, a 100 kw engine, releases. Homework...
  7. C

    Mystery of the Moving Car: Solving the Speed Paradox

    First of all, Happy Thanksgiving to you all! Now, my question: I'm on Earth viewing through a telescope. I observe a car in outer space, traveling roughly at right angles to me (i.e., across my scope's field of view, let's say left to right). That car, a 1956 Chevy (irrelevant, but my...
  8. F

    Dog damaged neighbors car, want your input.

    Hi PF: So I had an incident with a neighbor about a month ago. The long story short is my dog was on a leash in the back yard, leash was tied to one of those sprial "stakes" that thread into the ground. The dog saw something (neighborhood is full of squirrels), managed to pull the stake out...
  9. Q

    Planet and Car rotational movement

    Homework Statement A newly discovered planet has a mean radius of 1230 km. A vehicle on the planet's surface is moving in the same direction as the planet's rotation, and its speedometer reads 130 km/h. If the angular velocity of the vehicle about the planet's center is 6.18 times as large...
  10. A

    Harnessing Wind Energy From a Car for Fuel Efficiency

    First of all, I have read some of the previous posts that related to this topic, but they are closed. I am not looking to solve the world's energy crisis, but I was wondering if there was a way to harness some of the energy given off as friction from the drag of a car. I was looking at some of...
  11. R

    Max Speed of Car: 80m Track & .40 Coeff of Friction

    Homework Statement "what is the maximum speed at which a car can safely travel if the radius of the track is 80.0 m and the coefficient of friction is .40" friction is providing the force and the track is flat and circular. Homework Equations the equations that we've been using in class...
  12. A

    Relation between Torque, Speed, power etc. respect to a electric car

    hey guys, I am building an electric go kart for a final project, and I'm just trying to get my initial justifications correct, with respect to the classical physics involved. SPECS: i was the car to be able to reach 15km/h, The total weight of the car will be approx 200kgs. the size of...
  13. E

    Car battery/ aux battery wiring question

    I have a diesel van that has a dual battery starting system. Each battery has 850CCA. I have 75w of roof mounted solar panels that are running through a 100amp controller and charging an aux battery that has 55amp hours. All batteries are 12v. I would like to be able to charge my aux...
  14. W

    Car Part Names: Identification & Information

    what is the name of this part? what is the name of this component? thank you.
  15. P

    Am I solving this correctly? Acceleration of a car glidin down a curve

    Homework Statement A car is resting on a curved path in point A as seen in the picture. The mass of the car is known. The angle θ and the radius of the curved path are known. The kinetic coefficient of friction is known. The car starts gliding backwards on the curved path. What is the...
  16. andyrk

    Pendulum in an accelerating car

    Homework Statement When a car is accelerating with a pendulum hanging inside it, then why does the pendulum get aligned with the vertical at an angle? Can you explain it without using the concept of pseudo force? I tried it but I was not able to get it. The Attempt at a Solution My Attempt...
  17. D

    [Game Theory] A pedestrian is hit by a car. How many people will help?

    Homework Statement Consider the following social problem. A pedestrian is hit by a car and lies injured on the road. There are n people in the vicinity of the accident. The injured pedestrian requires immediate medical attention, which will be forthcoming if at least one of the n people call...
  18. M

    Work done against friction for a car with 125 KJ KE.

    "A 1200kg car as kinetic energy 125kJ at the bottom of a 20 degree slope. It rises to a height of 10m. Calculate work done against friction." Relevant equations: Work = force x distance in direction of that force Work = KE = 1/2 x m x v^2 I'm not really sure where to start...tried...
  19. G

    A car and a train colliding with each other.

    Homework Statement A car and a train collides with each other in an elastic collision. The mass of the train is much more larger than the mass of the car. Ignore air resistance and friction from the railway tracks and roads. Just before impact the car has a velocity of (V) train has a velocity...
  20. D

    Pulling a submerged car wreck out of the water

    [b]A submerged wreck, mass 104 kg and mean density 8 x 103 kg m-3, is lifted out of the water by a crane with a steel cable 10 m long, cross-sectional area 5 cm2 and Young’s modulus 5 x 1010 N m-2. Determine the change in the extension of the cable as the wreck is lifted clear of the...
  21. C

    Deriving a differential equation for car motion

    I'm looking at this scenario where a car is moving and then shifts into neutral. Knowing the initial velocity, how can I derive a differential equation? I know the air drag and the frictional force... are there any other forces, like gravity, that should be included to make it realistic? I...
  22. S

    Will a car battery be able to run this?

    Im trying to calculate if a standard car battery will be able to run 2 computers, 2 monitors, and some small hardware, and if so, for how long. The entire configuration should be no more than 1000watts. (400 each computer, 50 each monitor, and 100 for small hardware). I can't seem to find how...
  23. J

    Soap Box car - heavier better ? Part II

    After reading throught the original thread about soapbox cars, I have a better understanding of what is happening. The soapbox derby that I'm in has few rules. You must have a 6" or less wheel, steering and some sort of brake. The hill is a constant slope and there is a 10' push zone. From...
  24. W

    What Speed Limits Apply on a Wet Banked Roadway?

    Homework Statement Consider a wet banked roadway, where there is a coefficient of static friction of 0.30 and a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.25 between the tires and the roadway. The radius of the curve is R=50m A: If the banking angle is β=25∘, what is the maximum speed the automobile...
  25. J

    What is the safe speed limit for a car on a curved highway?

    Homework Statement On a highway curve with radius 55m, the maximum force of static friction that can act on a 795kg car going around the curve is 8740N. What speed limit should be posted for the curve so that cars can negotiate is safely? Homework Equations ƩF=ma, a=v^2/r The...
  26. T

    Solving a Car Coasting Downhill Problem: Average Retarding Force

    A 1200 kg car start from rest and coast down a uniform grade, at the bottom of which ti has a speed of 20 m/s. If the car has traveled 800 m along the grade and has descended 35 m, what is the average retarding force(friction) encountered by the car? How would I solve this problem? I know Fx =...
  27. L

    How Do I Calculate Acceleration for a Skidding Car?

    Hi, can you please help me by guiding me through how to set this problem up so I know how to solve it? Thanks! Attempting to stop on a slippery road, a car moving at 72km/h skids at a 30∘ to its initial motion, stopping in 4.1s. Determine the average acceleration in m/s2, in coordinates with...
  28. C

    A car with a mass of 1800 kg slows from 42 km/h [E] to 28 km/h [E].

    Homework Statement A car with a mass of 1800 kg slows from 42 km/h [E] to 28 km/h [E]. The impulse from the brakes is? I know its a simple question but I was hoping if I could get a walkthrough. I keep getting the answer 2.5 x 10^4 N*s [W] and the answer is 7.0 x 10^3 N*s Homework...
  29. C

    Power of car going up an inclined road

    Homework Statement Please refer to the image attached. Homework Equations P=Fv The Attempt at a Solution I have solved the problem already. But when I refer to the marking scheme, I found that they don't accept the use of P=Fv. I understand it's because there's an...
  30. Joshuava

    Force exerted from car on trailer question

    Homework Statement A 1480(k)g car pulls a 300(k)g trailer. The car exerts a horizontal force of 3900(N) against the ground in order to accelerate. What force does the car exert on the trailer? Assume an effective friction coefficient of 0.15 for the trailer. Homework Equations My question...
  31. M

    Acceleration of car on a gradient

    "What is the acceleration of a car of mass 1200kg, when the driving force on it is 4000N and the total frictional force on it is 900N? What is the acceleration of this car climbing a hill with a gradient of 8 degrees?" I got the first part, as obviously a= f/m, resultant force is 3100, and...
  32. G

    Supose a car, going at a constant velocity

    1. Supose a car, going at a constant velocity, decelerates to a stop by pressing the brakes. Is the friction used to stop the car kinetic or static friction? PLEASE explain why. My teacher said the answer was static friction, but I don't understand this. Since the car is already moving and the...
  33. M

    Speed of freight car (momentum transfer)

    Homework Statement This is problem 3.9 from Kleppner & Kolenkow's Intro to Mech. A freight car of mass M contains a mass of sand of mass m. At t = 0, a force is applied in the direction of motion, and simultaneously sand is let out of the bottom of the car at a rate dm/dt. Assuming the...
  34. V

    Q: How does the probability of winning the car change in the Monty Hall problem?

    Hi everyone, 2 goats and the car are from . The monkey is for you to remove from my back – it’s killing me! The problem also was in “21” movie. The setup is you are on a game show, there are 3 closed doors with 2 goats and a car behind the doors, you do not know what is behind which...
  35. O

    Find V(t) of train car with changing mass.

    Homework Statement An empty freight car of mass M starts moving from rest with a constant applied force F0. At the same time, coal runs into the car at steady rate b from a hopper above the car at rest along the track. Calculate the velocity of the car as a function of time. Data: M = 1900...
  36. C

    What Is the Correct Formula for Stopping Distance in Physics Homework?

    Homework Statement The driver of a car at 31 m/s sees (t = 0, x = 0) an obstacle down the road and brakes. The car slows down with a constant deceleration which has a magnitude of 6 m/s^2. Select the correct statement below (let d = stopping distance, all units are SI) a. The position...
  37. M

    How much does car boot/trunk weight increase petrol costs?

    I often leave my golf clubs in the car rather than bothering to take them out I just wondered how much extra this is costing me. I have an Hyundai i30 ps109, ~1.2-1.3 tonnes and the clubs are about 10kg but more than happy for average car specs/approximations to be used. Can anyone do the maths...
  38. J

    Compressed Air Car: Is My Thermodynamics Calculation Correct?

    Background: This is my first post here on physics forums. I have perused for quite a while. I am a Chem Eng. student at University of Houston and this question is from my Thermodynamics class. I have enjoyed working on this problem (for hours) but am certain i have made a mistake...
  39. ptownbro

    How much energy do batteries pass through an electric car

    I’m trying to figure out how to track the energy production from a battery to a motor as in an electric car. For example, the basic and primary components of an electric car are as follows: battery > controller > electric motor > driveline ====> car moves What I’m trying to figure out is...
  40. M

    Finding the Velocity and Acceleration of a Car in Circular Motion

    Homework Statement A car enters the circular road with radius r = 200m at a speed of v = 80km/h. A radar gun at O needs to rotate with constant angular acceleration d^2θ/dt^2 = 0.025 rad/s2 to follow the motion of the car along the circular road. a) Determine the acceleration of the car...
  41. C

    Vectors - Driving a car between time zones

    Vectors -- Driving a car between time zones... Homework Statement A man is driving a car is 5000m due west from the line marking the eastern time zone. He travels at 30m/s along a straight road that runs 30 degrees north of east. How much time does it take the man to get to the eastern time...
  42. R

    Help me out please - Car accident analysis

    Help me out please -- Car accident analysis hey guys, I have a question... If car 1 weighing in at 4400lbs is traveling at 0 degree heading at 55 MPH and is impacted on the right side by car 2 weighing in at 2700 lbs from a 90 degree heading traveling at 5 mph and the departure angle of car 1...
  43. 0

    Newton's Third Law of a car and truck

    I have a question for which I am intensely confused. Lets say a car was pushing a big truck from behind. And the car (and truck) are accelerating, then there is a breakdown because the car applies all the force it has to the truck, which pushes back with equal force. So the car shouldn't be...
  44. jtbell

    How do you melt a car using a building?

    By using a bit of creative architecture! http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-23930675
  45. S

    Momentum Investigation: Car collision

    (Q) A Ford car of mass 1138kg, collides with a Vauxhall car, of mass 1849kg, stationary at a stop line. The ford stops immediately but pushes the Vauxhall forward 13.42m. Was the Ford traveling over 13.41m/s before the collision? I can't seem to find a solution as everything I have tried...
  46. Feodalherren

    Constant acceleration, bike vs. car

    Homework Statement Vroom, vroom! As soon as a traffic light turns green, a car speeds up from rest to 50.0 mi/h with constant acceleration 9.00 mi/h + s. In the adjoining bike lane, a cyclist speeds up from rest to 20.0 mi/h with constant acceleration 13.0 mi/h + s. Each vehicle maintains...
  47. S

    Projectile motion car tires question

    Hi guys, I am really stuck with this homework question... The answer is 14.5 m/s but I do not know how to calculate it. A car has run into a fire hydrant and come to an abrupt stop. A suitcase tied to a rack on top of the car has been thrown off and has landed on the roadside 11.6 m away from...
  48. Saitama

    Locomotive throwing sand in a car

    Homework Statement A sand-spraying locomotive sprays sand horizontally into a freight car situated ahead of it. The locomotive and freight car are not attached. The engineer in the locomotive maintains his speed so that the distance to the freight car is constant. The sand is transferred at a...
  49. Saitama

    What Is the Speed of a Freight Car When All the Sand Is Gone?

    Homework Statement A freight car of mass M contains a mass of sand ##m##. At ##t=0## a constant horizontal force F is applied in the direction of rolling and at the same time a port in the bottom is opened to let the sand flow out at the constant rate dm/dt. Find the speed of the freight car...
  50. A

    Troubleshooting Poor Gas Mileage: Possible Causes for My Saturn Aura 2008

    I do not know what has been going on lately, but my car (a Saturn Aura 2008 with 4 cylinder ~170hp) has been eating gas alive. My car currently struggles to reach higher speeds, even 40 mph. Within the first two gears the automatic transmission usually shifts around 3500rpm. I do have about...
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