Control theory Definition and 71 Threads

hello everyone, I have a question about stochastic process (ARMA process) that looks like this : I would like to change it into a transfer function, so the final result looks like this : My question is, is this equation correct? if it is not correct, what should I change for this equation? any...

I know that linear control theory, in the form ##\dot{x}=Ax+Bu##, ##\dot{u}=Cx+Du##, can be put in the form of a matrix Riccati equation. But is there really an advantage to doing so?

Summary: A question about how PI controllers reach steady state Hello PhysicsForums, I need a little help understanding how a PI controller works when operating in steady state. Here is the equation in State Space form: Where In standard form, the equation is: Where The question I’m...

Hello, I have the opportunity of choosing an elective course on control theory before embarking for my master's program in computational neurosciences and I am weighing the pros and cons. I am looking for advice from PF members who specialized in this field. Since I have chosen enough courses...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observability I am studying observability and I try to get some intuition on the topic. Given the observable matrix, we can find the null space. However, the vectors of the null space are states but this differs from the definition of what a state vector of a...

Hey everybody! I have put G1 = (1-s)/(2-10s) & G2 = (2-10s)/ (2 +10s) but than I read that all poles and zeroes should be inside the unit circle, and I don't know how to move the Zero S_01 = 1 to the unit circle

Prove that if a system's transfer function is not proper (order of numerator greater than order of denominator) then the system is not causal.

Koopman Generators, Liouville Operators, and Transfer Functions! We talk about the role of operators in Dynamical Systems theory. This requires a discussion of Hilbert spaces, Densely Defined Operators, and Occupation Kernels.

Hi, I was recently being taught a control theory course and was going through a 'derivation' of the controllable canonical form. I have a question about a certain step in the process. Question: Why does the coefficient ## b_0 ## in front of the ## u(t) ## mean that the output ## y(t) = b_0 y_1...

Summary:: Control Theory root equation pole Hi, I ran into a simple question but somehow I can't get it right. My work this far: ## G_0(s) = G(s) \cdot K \cdot \frac{1}{T_I s} = \frac{k}{\tau s +1} \cdot \frac{2\beta \tau -1}{k} \cdot \frac{2\beta^2 \tau}{Kks} = \frac{2\beta^2\tau}{s(\tau s...

Hey guys, what is the difference equation of the signl seen in the figure ? my suggestion is: y(k) = 2u(k) + 2u(k-1) + 2u(k-2) - y(k-6)

Hey Guys, i try to solve the question mentioned above. But I'm hones...i have no idea to solv this. I need a kind advice. I tryed to find help in the internet but it's impossible. You can see the hole exercise in the figure.

Hello friends, I have a problem with a exercise sheet. Given is the impulse response of a discret element. The task is to draw the block diagram. But I think that the solution in the sheet is wrong. Because based on the difference equation (Exercise.pdf) there should be 3 delay elements. I have...

[Moderator: moved from a homework forum. This does not sound like homework.]Homework Statement:: Why is it the case that when the low-frequency response is to the right of the M = 1 line that the 'speed of response is slow'? Relevant Equations:: M-cirlces Hi, Hope you are doing well and...

Homework Statement c is the coefficient of damping, k is the spring constant, and m is the mass. if the cart is displaced from rest by distance X_0 and released at t=0 with initial velocity v_0=1.Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Ok this might be a stupid question because I wasn't...

Homework Statement Problem: We want a closed loop control loop for the given process (see bode plot), the control loop requirements are: Steady state error needs to be zero. The gain margin needs to be infinite. The phase margin needs to be 40 degrees. Questions: Which controller will be...

I am a TA for Automatic control class, I can't find an answer for my students about why we are still studying Routh-Hurwitz criterion as almost anyone can use computer software to find the roots of the closed-loop system and determine stability instead of doing these tedious hand calculations

Hello, I am studying control theory. And I have encountered something I have never considered or thought about. Consider a system with y as the output differential equation and u as the input. any(n) + ... + a1y(1) + a0y = bmu(m) + ... + b1u(1) + b0u Here, the subscripts indicate...

Hello, I have begun to teach myself Control Theory. I am looking for a book that is focused for mechanical engineers. I do not mind examples in electrical engineering, but they bore me (no offense). Also, I find some books begin with Laplace Transforms. Yet I found this online lecture...

hi, I read somewhere that if we increase the PID gains unnecessarily, it will cause more energy consumption of the controller and it will lead to noise and distortion in the practical. May someone please give me more explanation on this?? that how it lead to noise or distortion in practical??

Hi all, I was trying the understand theory behind Fourier and Laplace Transform (especially in the context of control theory) by reading the book "Complex Variables and the Laplace Transform for Engineers" written by "Wilbur R. LePage". In section 6-10 of the book the author touches on the...

I study control theory and robotics. Recently I figured out that I have a much deeper understanding of probability and statistics compared to my colleagues. Is this 'talent' valuable in my field and if so, where? We used this theory to define white noise, but nothing more...as of now. Also I am...

Hello everyone. Iam working on a course in multivariable control theory and I stumbled over the Identity Matrix. I understand what the identity matrix is, though the use of it is a mistery... I was reading about going from state space to transfer functions and I found this expressions...

Good afternoon people; recently I decided to give a study break from control engineering; now I'm back. I'm studying again control theory and I see some good results. By the way I got stuck in a topic called root locus method. Now my issue is not about how to sketch the root loci graph (BTW I...

I´m taking a course on control engineering and I have a test next Tuesday so I need to study the basics which are: Laplace transform, simplification of block diagrams, and analysis of transient and steady state responses. Right now I am dealing with the second one. I know the basic rules of...

I'm a student of Mechanical Engineering and I've been taking classes on Control Theory. Looks like a cool and very interesting field of study, but it seems to be more inclined towards Electrical Engineering (in fact, looks like most jobs on control go to electrical engineers). I wonder how a...

Hello everyone, so my dilemma is this: I graduated with a degree in physics which had a curriculum that did not cover control theory. I recently got a job as an EE and am now likely to be tasked with designing controllers. How can I most quickly and or thoroughly gain a good applicable...

QUESTION (2/2) 1) What are some alternatives to iterative design in control theory? 2) I have a certain plant transfer function PTF(s) that is higher order than two and non-unity numerator. I want certain characteristics such as a certain damping ratio (zeta). So I want approximate it as...

Hi, I am struggling to understand the maths in the text shown below. (1) How does: r(t) = Acos(wt)+Bsin(wt) become; sqrt((A^2)+(B^2))cos(wt - arctan(B/A))? (2) He states that we can represent the input as a phasor and in one of three ways but doesn't say which one. (3) He then focus on the...

I'm studying for an upcoming final and this is a question from a practice exam we were given. It looks simple but for some reason I just can't wrap my brain around it. The question is attached and gives a state space representation of a system (A, B, C matrices) and asks what part of the system...

Homework Statement Hello everyone! To simplify, I have a system whose transfer function looks like this: G = (s^2-1) / (s^4-s^2-1) It's unstable and I have to find a way to stabilize it using PID controller and/or lead/lag compensators. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution So far I...

I've been giving a look at some of the electives in my college - I'm a student of MechE - and became interested in Control Systems, specially after I borrowed some books in the subject in the library and read a little bit more about it. I wonder how big is the field of application of this...

At the moment I'm in the final stages of my doctorate in mathematics. (My background is a BS in physics and an MS in mathematics.) My focus and interest have been in applied functional analysis in general and various kinds of abstract and concrete delay equations in particular. These are...

I am looking at control theory but I don't understand how this is used in real systems. Lets take an example of a cruise control system on a car which is also a control system. I can use an embedded computer connected to a hall effect sensor which measures the speed of the vehicle and also...

Hi everyone. I'm studying for the exam of control theory, and now I'm having an hard time with the response of a system, in particular when we have oscillations. Suppose you have a system, with a transfer function, say, G(S), in the form: G(S) = 1 -------------------...

Overview I'm trying to levitate a constrained permanent magnet with 2 electromagnets. I'm having trouble conceptualizing the control system for such an operation. Setup The permanent magnet is fixed onto a horizontal pendulum and is repelled by an electromagnet above and repelled by an...

Hi, I'm reading Ogata's Modern Control Engineering, and when he talks about the representation of a differential equation in state space he divides the method in two. The first one is when the input of the differential equation involves no derivative term, for example: x'(t)+x(t)=u(t) The...

I am moving a small glued mirror (~10 gram) attached to a piezoelectric stage: http://www.physikinstrumente.com/product-detail-page/s-330-300700.html The mirror moves back and forth for a few milliseconds using a PID control loop, the range is about 2mrad. I want to increase the angular...

Hello Everybody, Im a third year MechE student and I am focusing my studies on thermodynamics and control theory. I am getting really deep into the controls right now and after taking some introductory courses there are so many things that puzzle me even though I understand the actual theory...

Homework Statement With unity position feedbck, i.e. make K2=0, plot root locus as a function of pitch gain (K1). By imposing 2nd order system approximation, estimate settling time, rise time, peak time of the closed-loop system with 20% overshoot. Pic of system...

I'm working on a pantograph device, which is not a linear plant, and implemented 2 different control schemes. First one is computed torque; For this control technique, I modeled nonlinear terms in the equation of motion and canceled them by injecting their model within the control input, which...

I need help finding a state-space representation for the given system and locally linearizing it... Objective is to control the pitch angle theta, as an output, of the helicopter by regulating the rotor angle u, as an input. This is what I've done, but apparently it isn't correct, and I...

In control theory, we have the proportional controller which is of the form- u(t) = ke where e is the error between the current measured value and the required value. The P controller is said to droop. To avoid this, an integral...

Hi everyone, I have this question for you: In Instrumentation, when connecting the input of one circuit to the output of another circuit,(for instance, connecting the output of a sensor to the input of an amplifier circuit), a loading problem may arise, could you explain to this problem ? And...

Homework Statement find the state transition matrix of a time varying system where: dX/dt = A*X with A = [-1 , exp(-t - (t^2)/2) ; ; 0 , t] (Matlab format - sorry but its easier) Homework Equations How to go about solving such problems in a systematic way? The Attempt at a Solution...

Homework Statement How do we set up a second-order plant transmittance with the only information available are: One pole is at a position where the undamped natural frequency (ωn = 0 rad/sec), and the other pole is at a position where ωn = 2 rad/sec? The question asks to build that...

Hello, I have recently been doing a lot of research around designing quadcopters/hexcopters and so forth. I have come to the conclusion that it may be fun to learn bait of control theory on the side and it sounds useful for later on when I go to university. Do you know what the prerequisite are...

I am trying to understand the process of a digital pid controller that operates with/in a Windows operating system. By process I mean the sequence of steps a computer software system takes to adjust the output of the system whether the process be cruise control, temperature, pressure etc. So I'm...

I'm studying CE and math. My computer engineering course is basically electronic/electrical engineering with extra software. I have a choice between the two subject combinations below. Additionally, 1. I'm studying two mechatronic control theory subject, and a mathematical control theory...

The radical Smolin thread left me wondering if other similar ideas could not be applied to other areas of Cosmology and even Particle Physics. Every complex system I can think of in our lives, and in nature, forms part of a complex multifaceted control system or process, with various feedback...