Data Definition and 998 Threads

Data are units of information, often numeric, that are collected through observation. In a more technical sense, data are a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables about one or more persons or objects, while a datum (singular of data) is a single value of a single variable.Although the terms "data" and "information" are often used interchangeably, these terms have distinct meanings. In some popular publications, data are sometimes said to be transformed into information when they are viewed in context or in post-analysis. However, in academic treatments of the subject data are simply units of information. Data are used in scientific research, businesses management (e.g., sales data, revenue, profits, stock price), finance, governance (e.g., crime rates, unemployment rates, literacy rates), and in virtually every other form of human organizational activity (e.g., censuses of the number of homeless people by non-profit organizations).
Data are measured, collected and reported, and analyzed, and from data visualizations such as graphs, tables or images are produced. Data as a general concept refers to the fact that some existing information or knowledge is represented or coded in some form suitable for better usage or processing. Raw data ("unprocessed data") is a collection of numbers or characters before it has been "cleaned" and corrected by researchers. Raw data needs to be corrected to remove outliers or obvious instrument or data entry errors (e.g., a thermometer reading from an outdoor Arctic location recording a tropical temperature). Data processing commonly occurs by stages, and the "processed data" from one stage may be considered the "raw data" of the next stage. Field data is raw data that is collected in an uncontrolled "in situ" environment. Experimental data is data that is generated within the context of a scientific investigation by observation and recording.
Data has been described as the new oil of the digital economy.

View More On Wikipedia.org
Recent contents Top users
  1. bhobba

    Courses New Job, Data Science Actuary, Seems to Be Emerging

    See: https://actuaries.asn.au/microsites/actuaries-in-data-science/data-science-actuary/ Wonder if it will require those killer Actuarial Exams. Thanks Bill
  2. BWV

    Data on centenarians driven by pension fraud

    Sabine looks at an interesting paper that find the data sets of supercentenarians (people who live to 110 or more) is mostly pension fraud
  3. Greg Bernhardt

    PF in the path of hurricane Milton

    Our data center is in Tampa Bay, which is atm forecasted for a direct hit from hurricane Milton so there is a possibility for service disruption. I'll update if I learn anything new.
  4. Urban Spoken

    How Does Multidisciplinary Expertise Enhance Robotics Projects?

    Hello! I work as a data scientist, computer vision engineer, and computer science engineer. Lastly, but certainly not least, I play music (guitar, piano, cello, while practising extreme vocal) 😁 I received my degree in robotics and mechatronics seven years ago from Bauman Moscow State Technical...
  5. R

    Looking for observed rotation periods of various Foucault pendulums at different latitudes

    Hello, I am currently doing research on the Foucault pendulum, specifically on its rotation period. I was wondering where I could find data concerning the observed rotation periods of various Foucault pendulums at different latitudes around the world (not calculated using the Formula T=24/sinλ)...
  6. neilparker62

    B Looking for quality data from ticker time experiments (for quadratic regression analysis)

    Hi I'm looking for pictures of quality data from ticker timer experiments. Especially if you have samples of tapes showing free fall. I want to experiment with quadratic sequencing and quadratic regression analysis of ticker timer data. If you are so kind as to post a pic of your ticker timer...
  7. jedishrfu

    ArsTechnica Article on Backing Up Your Stuff via BeeStation

    This article on ArsTechnica reviews the BeeStation while providing some sound advice on developing a backup strategy: https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/07/synology-beestation-review-a-great-way-to-start-getting-real-about-backups/ The sound advice was backing up to Dropbox or saving your...
  8. Tybalt

    Does repeating a data transmission constitute spreading?

    Generally, spread spectrum is defined as using more spectrum (or bandwidth) than is needed to transmit a signal. But according to this definition, even TCP-IP would be a spreading scheme because it retransmits packets upon receiving a NACK. In OFDM, if you interleave data across the subcarriers...
  9. phinds

    46 year old Voyager 1 once again sending real data

    After 5 months of sending a repeating loop of meaningless bits, the 46 year old Voyager 1 is back to sending actual data. https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/22/world/voyager-1-communication-issue-cause-fix-scn/index.html The NASA engineering team fixed it
  10. S

    Which software to use to create this graph?

    So I have a dataset with 3 variables -Time -Quantity 1 -Quantity 2 Currently I have all the data in an excel sheet. So for example, I can easily in excel create a line graph that shows me quantity 1 on the Y axis and time on the X axis... however I want to see all 3 at the same time. So my...
  11. Wrichik Basu

    Python Query runs fine in MySQL, but returns empty list in Python

    I have a database that looks like this: I want to get the "leaderboard position" of a particular member. The idea is to order the data by the score column, and then retrieve the row position of that particular member id. This is my query in MySQL: SET @rowNum := 0; SELECT rowNum FROM(...
  12. S

    How Do You Begin Creating a PV Diagram from Complex Data?

    I don't really know how to start here
  13. skaks9

    How do I calculate wheel radius using below data?

    E.motor Power KW 5 Designed HP HP 6.702412869 Required HP HP 6.093102608 Service factor 1.1 Pump rpm RPM 1500 Pressure PSI 1500 Mechanical efficiency 85% voluertric efficency 85% Discharge of Pump GPM 4.856333333 LPM 18.38322143 cc/rev 12.25548095 Calculated Discharge cc/rev 12.25414778 no...
  14. M

    I Data collected from different devices: how to combine for analysis?

    Hi Everyone, I'm working on a project where I have current values from three different devices when there is no arc and an arc generated by an arc generator. When I plot them, they all look different since the data is from different devices. Is there anything I can do to make them comparable...
  15. maistral

    Tabulation of physical and chemical data

    Hi! I would like to crowdsource where can I find a large tabulation of physical and chemical data (ie. density, enthalpy and entropy; for both single-phase and saturated phases) for different fluids; preferrably for alcohols and acids. What I'm trying to look for is something similar to...
  16. L

    Where can I find a topographer to ask about latest data on regional...

    Who can I find that I can ask questions to regarding the topography of a region in the United States? I am particularly interested in if it is known what the land's shapes were prior to roads, buildings, etc?
  17. E

    Cooling Water in Hard Soil: Data and Questions

    Here’s the data is can supply. Water temperature entering ~51°C. desired water exit temperature ~38-40°C Water flow ~approx. 300L/min. Pipe Inside Dia.- 51mm Pipe Material- HDPE PN16 We would bury the pipe around 1 meter deep. Deeper is not feasible as the trenches would be hand dug in an area...
  18. FactChecker

    What analysis was done on Mike Lindell's election data?

    Mike Lindell offered a 5 million $ challenge to anyone who could prove that his election data was false. A computer expert won an arbitration decision that he had proven it. He thought that it would take a long time, or be impossible, but he says that it did not take long at all. Does anyone...
  19. M

    Finding Absolute Uncertainty in Data

    For this data, I am trying to find the overall absolute uncertainty of NA, where NA is the numerical aperture: ##\tan \theta_{NA} = \frac{R}{L}## and ##NA = \sin \theta_{NA}## Case R(cm) L(cm) R/L theta_NA[rad] NA error in NA R0,L0 0.5 0.5 1 0.785398163 0.707106781 0 Rmax,Lmax 0.7...
  20. shivajikobardan

    C/C++ Best courses to learn Data Structures and Algorithms in C/C++/JS

    Do you know any such good resources? I want to improve my problem solving skills. I also want to practice competitive programming, so any good courses for that? I want to practice pointers any good courses for that?
  21. ohwilleke

    B How many astronomers use JWST data?

    I'm looking for a ballpark estimate of the number of astronomers who directly use raw James Webb Space Telescope data, in part, to be able to compare it to the number of scientists using data from other telescopes and scientific experiments.
  22. B

    Python FineTune the Pixel2Style2Pixel model with my custom data set

    I want to fine-tune the Pixel2Style2Pixel model with my custom data set, but I keep getting an error when I'm trying to load in the pre-train weights. Here is my code : # Load the pre-trained model os.chdir("/content/pixel2style2pixel") from models.psp import pSp config = { "lr": 0.0001...
  23. Feynstein100

    B How is the harmonic mean affected by additional data points?

    We have a collection of 8 discrete data points. They are: 10, 20, 30, 20, 30, 40, 30, 40 In increasing order: 10, 20*2, 30*3, 40*2 The harmonic mean of this data series is 22.86 I read on Wikipedia that the harmonic mean is skewed towards the smaller values i.e. smaller values will affect the...
  24. A

    A Interpreting SDSS extragalactic data in the era of JWST

    • CERN talk : indico.cern.ch/event/1153372/contributions/5200955/ • Presentation materials : bit.ly/MAGIC23AMayer • CERN MAGIC23 : indico.cern.ch/event/1153372/ Talk Description (Abstract) We present empirical evidence from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), including...
  25. Leo Liu

    How to take the double integral of a data set with respect to time

    Question: Suppose I have a data file for the acceleration of an object after every ## \Delta t_i##, how do I obtain the displacement of it? Context: Integral in a PID loop, although not exactly what I am asking as one is sum of error: $$\int_0^T \int_0^T \ddot {\vec \theta(t)}dtdt$$ the other...
  26. bakerjay

    A Data on galaxy rotation curves vs visible matter

    I'm after some raw data for testing theories of dark matter in galaxies. Basically what I want is table showing visible mass vs total mass within different radii (or, observed rotational velocity vs expected rotational velocity without dark matter). Plus error percentages. And ideally, for...
  27. gleem

    I Massive galaxies during the early Universe, new JWST data

    As of now, it appears the ΛCDM can accommodate this new data but new data is needed to be sure. https://www.quantamagazine.org/standard-model-of-cosmology-survives-jwsts-surprising-finds-20230120/
  28. MarkTheQuark

    Circuit equivalent for fitting my data

    I did a few experiments recently of impedance spectroscopy, and I've gathered some data that i'm having some issues to find an equivalent circuit that can fit the data. The equivalent circuit that I've got, it's pretty similar with the data (graph and circuit below) But the problem is, at low...
  29. T

    B What is the best source for this star data? (M44 Beehive Cluster)

    Hi I need the below data for the thousand or so stars in M44 the Beehive Cluster. What would be the easiest way to get this data? Thank you. RA, Dec, distance, apparent magnitude, absolute magnitude, spectrum
  30. jack action

    Can you restore data from a deleted file that was previously emptied?

    Say you have a large text file on your hard drive that you edit such that its content is fully erased and you save it that way. Then you delete the file. Is the content still on the hard drive? Usually, deleting a file only deletes the address where the file is on the hard drive and the content...
  31. gjleigh10

    How to read a column of data into Fortran without arrays? (Fortran 77)

    TL;DR Summary: I am beginning research as an undergrad in Physics and have an example file I must analyze for the mean of each column. I cannot use arrays. I need to take the sum of a column of data. Hi all, I am new to fortran and programming in general, but I'm having issues with creating a...
  32. sophiecentaur

    Opinions about the usefulness or otherwise of data synching services

    Along with a lot of other people, I chose to use Apple iCloud without thinking too much about what it can do for me. iCloud offers Synching and I pay £6 pm for 2TB of storage. iCloud gives synching on your boot drive and you can only use the remaining space with zip files. But is Synch actually...
  33. Dario56

    How to Determine the Unit Cell Type From the XRD Data?

    Hey guys, I got an XRD data for my sample and want to determine its density. This requires finding lattice parameters. However, I'm not certain about the crystallographic system of my sample. How can I determine the type of the unit cell my sample has from XRD data (I can use GSAS II if...
  34. D

    I Smoothing algorithm for real-world data

    Hi 🙂 I'd appreciate your help. I have a bunch of livestock with an ear sensor on each, that sends me data about how much heat is going out of the ear. I wanna take this data from each livestock and smooth it. My question is, how to know which smoothing algorithm I should use to get an...
  35. ForTheLoveOfPhysics

    B Data needed - Related bodies and their stats

    I’m analysing the gravitational relationships between different mass astronomical bodies and am getting sick of having to individually google and document these. Are there data sets out there that list pairs/sets of objects which includes their mass and distance from each other? Including...
  36. physicsclaus

    How to calculate dark count from data collected?

    Hello everyone, I am trying to measure the dark count from a measurement a SPDC source. Although I collected data from the signal generator, I do not know how to obtain dark count rates per second. I only know the following definition Dark counts refer to the tiny amount of DC current in the...
  37. P

    Physics Looking to transition from data science to computational physics

    In my late twenties, currently working as a data scientist in the UK, looking to sit A level maths, further maths and physics as a private candidate (not going through a distance learning provider) and pursue a joint degree in physics and computer science (which I know both St Andrews and...
  38. Leo Liu

    Mathematica [Mathematica] How to use for loop to process a list of data

    Hi. I am writing a program in Mathematica that reads a xsl file from excel, then processes it by solving an equation, and lastly turns the processed data into a list for exporting. Context: Finding the maximum speed of a model plane at different altitudes (density). Screenshots of the code and...
  39. A

    I Analysis of data from previous experiments

    Has it ever happened that after a discovery, data from previous experiments were analyzed and it was noticed that there was already some evidence of the phenomenon in question?
  40. R

    Admissions Should I say I'm a full-time data scientist and physics student in my SOP?

    Is it a good or bad idea to mention that I am a full-time physics student while simultaneously a full-time data scientist employee while doing physics research too in my SOP for grad school? Is it seen as too confident or bragging? Or it helps me to say this? Does it make it sound bad if I...
  41. A

    I What do the Roman Numerals mean in Spectroscopic Data?

    A basic question. Looking at the NIST spectroscopic data, what exactly is, for example, Ar I vs Ar II vs Ar III? If Ar I is unionised Argon, then is Ar II an Ar- ion or an Ar+ ion? (and whichever way around it works, how do we denote the opposite ionisation? If they are all ionized, is there...
  42. G

    I Data Showing Dark Matter Is Not Cold Neutrinos?

    How do we know that cold neutrinos do not make up 100% or a large percentage of the dark matter content in the universe? In my mind, the only way to prove that dark matter is not simply cold neutrinos would be to measure the density of cold neutrinos in the universe and then calculate the...
  43. shivajikobardan

    Comp Sci Data sharing in traditional file system vs dbms?

    I know data is decentralized in TFS. But how does that makes data sharing difficult? We've got distributed computing for the similar purpose on different machines as well. I read a lot on this but failed to find any information regarding why it was not possible to share data in TFS as compared...
  44. Sciencemaster

    I Database of binary star data info within 10 PC of Earth

    I'm looking for a database of binary stars within 10 PC of Earth, including information such as eccentricity of orbits, their distance from one another, etc. I'm hoping to find a list with this information, or just a collection of pages with this information. I've tried Simbad but I can't find...
  45. kyphysics

    Computing for Dummies Q: What is difference between server and data center?

    I've been looking this up and don't seem to have a great understanding. Can someone confirm or correct that my understanding is accurate. Is a data center simply a large collection of individual servers? If not, how do they differ? Thanks.
  46. S

    Mathematica Understanding the Code: How to Extract Data from a Plot in Mathematica

    An answer posted here... https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/19859/plot-extract-data-to-a-file ... says you can extract the data from a Plot by doing this: data = Cases[Plot[Sin@x, {x, 0, 2 Pi}], Line[data_] :> data, -4, 1][[1]]; Having looked at the doc page on Cases, I can't...
  47. Feynstein100

    I Is there a way to calculate expected value from probabilistic data?

    So I ran a python simulation of 1,000 games of toss (50/50 odds) where each game consists of 100,000 consecutive flips. The result was this: 1000 is our starting balance and as expected, there's a nice normal distribution around it. I also calculated the average value after all the games and it...
  48. B

    A Quantifying nonlinearity from data

    Hello! I have a function of the form: $$y = ax + b + f(x)$$ and I can measure experimentally only x and y. I also know that ##f(x)<<ax,b##, where ##f(x)## is some non-linearity in x i.e. it can't be absorbed into the ##ax+b## part (for example ##f(x) = cx^2##), but I don't know its form. Is...
  49. person123

    Where can I find a PVT table for water for a 3-D webapp?

    I'm looking to create a little webapp where the user can see the 3-D PVT phase diagram, giving the user functionality like orbiting the surface and moving a point along the surface. (I attached an image of the surface I'm referring to). To do that, though, I would need the data defining the PVT...
  50. B

    I Filling in Missing Values in a string of data

    hello, I’m trying to figure out if I’m doing this correctly or if there’s a different way that I should be finding a missing value. I’m trending data for an automatic transformer. Every month I collect the operations counter value and at the end of the year sum the number of tap changes...
Back
Top