Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic force is carried by electromagnetic fields composed of electric fields and magnetic fields, and it is responsible for electromagnetic radiation such as light. It is one of the four fundamental interactions (commonly called forces) in nature, together with the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation. At high energy, the weak force and electromagnetic force are unified as a single electroweak force.
Electromagnetic phenomena are defined in terms of the electromagnetic force, sometimes called the Lorentz force, which includes both electricity and magnetism as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. The electromagnetic force plays a major role in determining the internal properties of most objects encountered in daily life. The electromagnetic attraction between atomic nuclei and their orbital electrons holds atoms together. Electromagnetic forces are responsible for the chemical bonds between atoms which create molecules, and intermolecular forces. The electromagnetic force governs all chemical processes, which arise from interactions between the electrons of neighboring atoms. Electromagnetism is very widely used in modern technology, and electromagnetic theory is the basis of electric power engineering and electronics including digital technology.
There are numerous mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field. Most prominently, Maxwell's equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents.
The theoretical implications of electromagnetism, particularly the establishment of the speed of light based on properties of the "medium" of propagation (permeability and permittivity), led to the development of special relativity by Albert Einstein in 1905.
Hey there!
I was just listening to Richard Feynman on the way home and hit yet another issue I have with relativity... I'd be most thankful for any input! :)
So, suppose we got two charged particles moving parallel to each other. A charged particle has an electrical field - if it's moving...
Hey everyone,
I just wanted to double check some solutions and inquire about a problem.
Homework Statement
A toroid is a coil of wire wrapped around a doughnut-shaped ring (a torus). For a tightly wrapped toroid with N turns, the magnetic field lines of \vec{B} form concentric circles...
Homework Statement
You are informed that the charge density is:
$\rho \left( r \right)=k{{r}^{-n}},r<a$,
where k is a constant and n is a whole number.
Determine n.
Homework Equations
Besides that, I know that:
\[E=\frac{Q}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}}\frac{1}{{{r}^{2}}},r<a\]
(E is...
Programmer-turned-amateur-physicist here.
I'm reading Feynman's lectures, but I'm urged to do some physical experiments. The thing is, I have no idea about the practical side of things. Could someone write me a detailed description of some experiment? Say, the one with the hanging wire and the...
Four resistors are connected to a battery as shown in the figure. The current in the battery is I, the battery emf is emf, and the resistor values are R1 = R, R2 = 2R, R3 = 4R, and R4 = 3R.
Picture:
http://www.webassign.net/serpop/p21-32.gif
(a) Rank the resistors according to the...
In studying the world, physicists found that, in order to completely understand what today we call "Electromagnetism", it was necessary to do three things: find an equation which describes the electric field under all circumstances, find an equation which describes the magnetic field under all...
I need help designing some build-from-scratch DC motors. I'm looking to build really robust motors that I can be be sure will demonstrate clearly the principles involved, but that can be modified by my boys and that they can really *play* with and use to run simple toys. I've already shown...
Hello to everyone. I'm quite new here and I just wish I have found this site sooner. I am currently enrolled in Physics 2 class (Introductory) and we have just started Electromagnetism. Quite frankly, I am here to ask for some guidance as I am very weak in Physics. The only reason I passed...
Have exam tomorrow. I know I should have studied before and more, but please help. If you know the answer, please take some time to reply. Thanks very much.
Homework Statement
There are two charges, q1 = +4.5nC, and q2, ?, which are at distances d1 = 2.5cm and d2 = 2.0cm, from a point...
Can anyone please answer, and if possible, explain, this question? Thanks
1. A battery is connected between A and B of a bar made of semi-conductor of type P. The positive electrode was connected in A and the negative in B. What's the current direction?
A. from A to B
B. in the semiconductor...
Homework Statement
the electric potential of some configuration of charge is given by the expression:
V(r)= (Ae^(-pr))/(r)
where A and p are constants. Find the E-field E(r), the charge density rho(r) and total charge Q. The answer for rho is given in book as:
epsilon-not * A *...
Homework Statement
Two very long thin wires carrying equal and opposite currents of 103 A are placed parallel to the x-axis at y=0 and z=+-0.5. Calculte the magnetic field B in the x-y plane and determine it's maximum gradient.Homework Equations
I'm having serious trouble understanding the...
Homework Statement
please visit this site and solve with calculations, Thank you!
http://rapidshare.com/files/338079894/Figure_it_out.doc
Homework Equations
V=IR
Rt=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3
The Attempt at a Solution
Please solve this circuit
Thank You
With a set coil if you increase the electric flow does the flux density increase
And/or the magentic field decrease/ maintain/ increase in size..?
Thanks once again,
Sem.
Hi. I've been learning how to use geometric algebra and I've been stumbling when I apply it to E&M. I am hoping someone here can point out what I am doing wrong.
The problem comes when trying to represent the field tensor in terms of the 4-potential. Here is the standard form:
F^{\mu\nu}...
I got this question on an Assigment, and ..man, am having really hard time with it
Here is how it start :
"A student used the apparatus shown below to measure the radius of the curvature of the path of electrons as they pass through a magnetic field that is perpendicular to their path. This...
I'd like to know what formula to use in order to find the following :
Imagine a uniform magnetic field. I am moving with a constant velocity perpendicularly through it. Do I see only an electric field? A magnetic field? Both? Or both of them?
What if I move in the sense of the magnetic...
This has been helping me throughout my semester in an intermediate level EM course, so I thought I'd post it here:
http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=C2CEECFD938FD494"
Hi.
I'm doing an experiment and I'm kinda stuck.
I know that a current produces a magnetic field. In this experiment there is a current carrying wire (copper) and a permanent magnet suspended above it. Deflection is being measured as the current is varied.
I know that both magnetic...
Homework Statement
Show that the force caused by external electric field on a charge distribution is given by:
F=qE(0)+(p\cdot \nabla)E(0)+... (it's enough to show the first two terms), where E(0) is the electric field in the origin which we choose to develop the expression around it.
p is...
DC doesn't cause electromagnetism? That is what our teacher says. Can anyone explain why it doesn't? As far I remember I made an electromagnet from a nail by passing current through it from a battery cell about 6 years ago.
urgent electromagnetism help
Homework Statement
Assume that dust particle in the solar system are spherical, black and have a density of 2000kg/m^3. Use the total luminosity of the sun to calculate the time average poynting vector of the radiation at a distance r from the Sun. Hence...
Homework Statement
1. In a dilectric sphere with radius a and polarization vector P= P0 r (r is the spherical radial vector) where P0>0. find D,E and the polarization charge volume density and area density.
2. A chagrge q is displaced at the centre of a hollow dilectric sphere (with a,b as...
Homework Statement
Use Gauss’s law to obtain a vector expression for the electric field produced by an
infinte sheet of charge with a surface density of 1 C m−2 , confined to the xy plane. Hence
show that the divergence of this electric field is zero for all points not in the xy plane...
A long straight horizontal wire carries a current of 70 amperes towards the east. The wire is placed in a uniform magnetic field of intensity 0.15 T towards the north.
Find the magnitude and direction of the resulting force on a 25m length of this wire
F=ILB sin \theta
F =...
Hi,
Apologies an advance for any general ignorance (not a physics student - just happen to have an interest and no background!)
Is there generally a strong electromagnetic field associated with any mass demonstrating a strong gravitational field? Are there exceptions?
I've heard that...
Is there a defined distance at which Electromagnetism starts exerting more force than the strong nuclear force?
So far I have
Gluons have <20MeV (32.04×10-13J) of energy.
Using the uncertainty principle:
t=h/(4×pi×E) and distance = t×c
Therefore t = (6.6×10^-34)/(4×pi×<32.04×10^-13)...
Homework Statement
We learned in E&M about the Dirac Delta function and its applications to representing the densities of point charges in space. For example, the charge density of space with a point charge q at the origin is given by q*delta(r). How does this density representation work with...
Homework Statement
Two infinite long straight conductors and a rectangular circuit lies in the same plane. The straight conductors is parallel and got the distance 2a from each other. There runs a constant current of I1 and I2 in both of them, and the current is pointed downwards. The...
Find a pair of fields having equal and divergences in some region, having the same values on the boundary of that region, and yet having different curls.
I really have no idea on where to start for this.
Would making up 2 arbitrary fields in spherical co-ordinates work?
a(theta) + b\phi +...
Hi,
Just out of curiosity, what should I know if I am going to take upper-division electromagnetism course. The text for the course is Griffiths' Introduction to Electrodynamics. I am not a physics major (I am a math major), but I have taken the first-year, calc-based physics sequence...
I was reading about M2 branes these days and I found out that the special thing about the BLG 3-algebra it is that they relate branes to a chern simons dual-quiver tiling of the torus:
http://www.nonequilibrium.net/381-m2-branes-chernsimons-theories/
Non abelian anyons are one of the...
Homework Statement
A square loop of wire C, with side length 2a lies in a plane P and carries a steady electic current I. By using the Biot-Savart law show that the magnetic field B(r) at any point r in P but not in C is perpendicular to the plane P.
Calculate the magnetic field at the...
This isn't exactly homework, but I felt that I had too much to ask that it wouldn't be right to put this in the regular section. Anyway, I've been reading the original paper on the design of a cyclotron (Lawrence & Livingstone) and there were two parts which didn't agree with what I knew... and...
1. The problem statement, all given/known data
A bar magnet is positioned at the mouth of a solenoid. The current indicated in the solenoid is then turned on. (Assume the solenoid is a lot bigger than the bar magnet.) Gravity and friction can be ignored.
Describe what would happen, and...
Can anyone recommend supplementary texts books for Electromagnetism and Thermodynamics? I'm looking for some alternatives to my recommended textbooks. The first class is an electromagnetics class. This class is heavily calculus based and consists of building up concepts that culminate to...
I am studying for my junior level EM final that is a few weeks from now, we are using Griffiths' Introduction to electrodynamics. To prep for the test I am already planning on working through all of our homework problems, and examples in relevant sections, as well as a few problems we didn't do...
A "galilean puzzle" in electromagnetism
Well, I still didn't managed to find the answer, since the puzzle seems a little bit more involved than I first tought...to perform the computations, you only need to know a little bit about lagrangian/hamiltonian dynamics in electromagnetism.
Consider...
1.
An electron is traveling in the +ve x-direction of an inertial frame T. An acceleration is given to the electron in the +ve y-direction with as large as magnitude as possible.
How do I specify directions of the electric and magnetic fields that will achieve this?
Why are the choice...
I thought I understood this matter, but the more I think about it the more confused I am becoming.
Suppose I have a very long wire which has a uniform negative charge per unit length ρ. I hold near it a particle with charge -q. Due to the electrical field around the wire there is a force...
Feynman's "apparent" paradox - Electromagnetism
This is the paradox discussed in chapter 17 of "Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol II"
http://www.flickr.com/photos/37453425@N07/3447068420/
Say suppose the battery drains out or somehow you stop the current outta the battery. By...
Maxwell's equations in integral form are not obviously local.
Faraday's Law, a good enough example, in differental form is
\partial_i B_j - \partial _t E_k = J_k
where (i,j,k) are cyclic permutations of (x,y,z).
In integral form,
\frac{d\Phi}{dt} = \oint E \cdot dl
The...
I believe classical electrodynamics can be reduced to:
1) Lorentz force
2) Existance of a Lorentz invariant vector field of real entries, V=V^\mu \hat{e}_\mu
3) Charge is always associated with mass
Maxwell's equations are obtained by associatating elements of the vector field with...
A amssive charged particle moves under the influence of a time varying magnetic field \mathbf{B}=B(r,t)\mathbf{\hat{z}}, where r is the distance from the z axis. Show that the particle can move in a circular orbit in a plane perpendicular to the field, accelerating and decelerating under the...
Correct me if I am wrong, but, if electromagnetism is relative then in a frame where charges have relative motion between the observer, the observer would detect electromagnetic radiation being emitted from the charge, and that to an observer moving alongside the charge at the same speed, no...
1. "A wire segment carries a current of 1.8A from a to b. There is a uniform magnetic field of 1.2T acting in the z-direction. Find the total force on the wire and show that the total force is the same as if the wire were a straight segment from a to b".
I've attached the diagram showing what...