Elementary Definition and 558 Threads

Merely a question concerning elementary calculation of stiffness: I have two rectangular and solid bars made of the same homogeneous material: Bar A is 0.85 cm high and 0.5 cm wide, whereas bar B is 1.0 cm high and 0.425 cm wide – and as both bars have the same cross-section area (of 0.425...

Hello, I'm in an introductory course about quantum computing. My math experience is fairly solid, but not very familiar with Dirac (bra-ket) notation. Just would like to clarify one thing: In a single cubit space, we have |0 \rangle , and | 1 \rangle . I understand that these form an...

Does such a function exist? My gut tells me that such a function should not exist, but is there a proof that all elementary functions have elementary derivatives?

Author: Edwin Moise Title: Elementary Geometry from an Advanced Standpoint Amazon Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0201508672/?tag=pfamazon01-20

Homework Statement Solve the following differential equations by series and also by an elementary method and verify that your solutions agree. (x^2+2x)y''-2(x+1)y'+2y=0 Homework Equations y=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_nx^n y'=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} na_nx^{n-1} y''=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}...

Author: Kenneth Ross Title: Elementary Analysis: The Theory of Calculus Amazon link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1441928111/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Prerequisities: Proofs, Calculus Level: Undergrad Table of Contents: Preface Introduction The Set N of Natural Numbers The Set Q of Rational...

Given a sample of a normally distributed population, then the sample variance ≈the population variance divided by the sample size. Nice. However, if one now increases the sample size to the population, this becomes that the population variance ≈ the population variance divided by the population...

I need some reference books on the following... My 3rd year 2nd sem Undergraduate physics syllabus has a part like this- (I have 2 sem q.m., 1 sem special relativity as background.) The nuclear two-body problem and simple theory of the deuteron. Elementary particles: Baryons...

Author: Howard Anton Title: Elementary Linear Algebra Amazon Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0470458216/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Prerequisities: High-school mathematics Level: Undergrad Table of Contents: Systems of Linear Equations and Matrices Introduction to systems of Linear Equations...

Author: What Is Mathematics? An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods Title: Richard Courant Amazon Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0195105192/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Table of Contents: Preface How to use the book What is mathematics? The natural numbers Introduction Calculations with...

Author: Jerome H. Keisler Title: Elementary Calculus: An Approach Using Infinitesimals Download Link: http://www.math.wisc.edu/~keisler/calc.html Prerequisities: High School Mathematics Table of Contents: Introduction Real and Hyperreal Numbers The Real Line Functions of Real...

Author: David Griffiths Title: Introduction to Elementary Particles Amazon Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/3527406018/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Prerequisities: Contents:

Looking at the Standard model, I noticed that all the quarks and leptons have a spin of 1/2 and all of the gauge bosons have a spin of 1. Can someone give me a general definition of what "spin" is and the difference between a particle that has a spin of 1/2 and a particle that has a spin of 1?

Let G be a group, |G|=n and m an integer such that gcd(m,n)=1. (i) show that $x^m=y^m$ implies $x=y$ (ii)Hence show that for all g in G there is a unique x such that $x^m=g$ (i) there exist a, b such that am+bn=1 so that $m^{-1}=a (mod n)$. Hence $x^m=y^m ->x=y$ ok? (ii) (i) shows...

I would be much obliged if the engineers on the forum could answer the following query regarding mechanical advantage. I don't require exact calculations or anything, just a quick yes or no, along with some simple KISS type explanation will be gratefully received. So, we have a situation in...

can elementary particles be created out of nothing ? i mean in the universe ? can elementary particles just pop into existence out of nothing ? if yes, how ? BTW, i know there's no "nothing" or "nothingness".

Hello! I am living in Germany. Let's say that I want to know the local time in New York, and let's arrange that the local time in Germany is 11:00 o'clock (24-hour clock). Germany's time is shifted 1 hour ahead (UTC +1), and New York's time is shifted 5 hours behind (UTC -5). So the...

Hi, So here is the contents of this Elementary Particles course: introduction to families of particles , relativistic kinematics applied to reaction cross-sections and decay rates; symmetries and conservation laws, isospin, strangeness, charm, beauty; parity and CP violation in weak...

Homework Statement A trolley weighing 16 000kg is moving along a horizontal surface with a velocity od 6m/s. What braking force would cause it to brake on a distance of 10m and how long it would take? Homework Equations a = F/m = ΔV/t The Attempt at a Solution So ΔV = 6m/s, m=16...

what are mass-carrying particles,force-carrying particles and matter particles?what are their differences?

Hi everyone, I left college many years ago and now I've forgotten a lot about multivariate calculus. I've also never taken a real analysis course of any kind before. Now I'm planning to go back to school for a graduate degree in econ. The school says that I must have good skills in real...

I had an exchange with Lubos Motl about this topic, in the comments here. Very briefly, there is a 2004 paper in which the author (Kjell Rosquist) considers the old idea that the electron is actually a spinning, charged (i.e. Kerr-Newman) micro black hole. Using a purely classical model for...

Homework Statement For all sets A, B, and C, prove or provide a counterexample the following statements. (A \setminus B) \cap (C \setminus B) = A \setminus (B \cup C). Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution I went ahead and said it was false, and provided a counter...

I understand that the Tau lepton is considered to be an elementary particle. Yet, it can decay into muons and nutrinoes, etc. I can understand composit particles decaying into constituent particles. But I thought that what makes a particle elementary is the fact that it does not decay. So I'm...

Homework Statement An elementary particle of mass M completely absorbs a photon, after which its mass is 1.01M. a) What was the energy of the incoming photon? b) Why is that energy greater than 0.01Mc2? Homework Equations E = mc2 or Δm = Δ E/c2 E = γmc2 The Attempt at a Solution...

Homework Statement (x+2y+3)dx+(2x+4y-1)dy=0 a1= 1 b1=2 a2=2 b2=4 a2/a1=b2/b1 Therefore z=x+2y Here is where I get confused I understand that they must get a dz in the equations thus they take the derivative with respect to y of the following equation z=x+2y thus giving dz=dx+2 or...

Homework Statement dr/d∅+rtan∅=cos∅ μ(∅)=exp[∫tan∅] μ∅=exp[-ln[cos∅]=-cos∅ -cos∅(dr/d∅)-rtan∅cos∅=-cos^2∅ dr/d∅[-rcos∅]=-cos^2∅ rcos∅=∫cos^2∅ changed cos^2∅ to 1/2+1/2cos2∅ rcos∅=1/2∅ + 1/4 sin2∅+c the books answer is not even close to mine they have r=(∅+c)cos∅...

Homework Statement (y+2)dx +y(x+4)dy=0 Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution ∫(1/x+4)dx + ∫(y/y+2)dy=0 ln(x+4)-2ln(y+2)+y=lnc Here is where I get confused how do I make this into an explicit solution, that +y really bothers me. I was thinking ln [...

Homework Statement Tan∅ dr + 2r d∅=0 Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution ∫1/2r dr +∫1/tan∅ d∅=0 1/2ln(2r)+ln(tan∅)=c ln[r(tan∅)]=ln(c) r(tan∅)=c the solution in the book says the answer is rsin^2∅=c Where did I go wrong? Thank you

Im kind of rusty on my calculus II and III and I was wondering if I should review it before I try to self teach myself basic real analysis? I have some experience with basic proofs.

My teacher has defined U_1 = \langle1, 0, 0\rangle, U_2 = \langle0, 1, 0\rangle, and U_3 = \langle0, 0, 1\rangle. So it seems like the function maps L(\langle1, 0, 0\rangle, \langle0, 1, 0\rangle) = a, L(\langle1, 0, 0\rangle, \langle0, 0, 1\rangle) = b,, and L(\langle0, 1, 0\rangle...

let V be the collection of the 2*3 matrices with a real entries such that V={[a11 a12 a13 : a21 a22 a23] | a11+a23 =1} determine whether the following vector space axioms holds (a) for all α ε V there exists (-α) such that α + (-α)=0(vector)

I'm having difficulty deducing that Re z = 0.

Homework Statement Prove that (\mathbb{R}, <) and (\mathbb{R} \backslash \{0\}, <) are elementary equivalent using the fact that there exist countable models (A, <_0) and (B, <_1) which are elementary equivalent with (\mathbb{R}, <) and (\mathbb{R} \backslash \{0\}, <) respectively...

Hi, I have stumbled upon PF many times through Google, but this is my first time posting. Hopefully, someone will be able to help me out. My question is about the concept of elementary equivalence in logic. According to my book, two structures A and B are elementary equivalent if: for every...

All electromangtic radiation comes under one continuous spectrum. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electromagnetic-Spectrum.png Different wavelengths of this radiation has different properties which is very evident in real life. However the whole concept remains extremely mysterious to...

I would like to know what your, and the general physics community think about whether the elementary particles we recognise today such as fermions, bosons and leptons are truly indivisible or are just made out of something smaller. People named the atom 'the atom' because it mean indivisible...

Homework Statement If 3 sin theta + 5cos theta = 5 ... prove that 5sin theta - 3 cos theta = +- 3 Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution i tried many things here , mostly those including squares , because i need +-3 , but this one has me stumped :/

I noticed that in quantum physics, an elementary particle has no dimensions, and is point like, but in string theory has one dimension. Why is this?

Hello, as we know from acoustics every material or fluid has it's resonant frequency (depends on density, size and other factors) at which the material "vibrates" much more than at other frequencies. Does the same thing happen when we get higher up the frequency scale, like in Mhz or Ghz and by...

I was reading the brief wikipedia entry on string and there it says that strings are one-dimensional "unlike an elementary particle which is zero-dimensional, or point-like. Quarks and electrons are thought to be made of strings." The part about zero-dimensional entities being made of...

Chrystal, "Algebra, an Elementary Textbook" (1886) - Your opinion? Hey! I'm in high school and have recently discovered how suggestive and ravishing mathematics can be, although I haven't got very far (only basic algebra, geometry and trigonometry - to give you a hint: I'm about to be...

You can play against player A or player B in an all-skill game (such as chess or checkers). Suppose there are no ties/draws. On average you beat player A 90% of the time in this game, and on average you beat player B 10% in this game. You will play three games in row, and each game will be...

In one experiment, Millikan found that the charge Q on a particular drop had the following values at various times. (An arbitrary unit is used) Q/A.U: 6.87 x 10-9 4.44 x 10-9 8.37 x 10-9 5.39 x 10-9 1.97 x 10-9 2.96 x 10-9 Use these results to find a value for the electron...

How can you tell whether a reaction is an elementary reaction without knowing the reaction mechanism? I had this question on a recent midterm and got it wrong: A -> Product Is this an elementary reaction? I said yes because it has no intermediates. In retrospect there's no way I could...

I just read some stuff about elementary time, or Planck time, but I'm not entirely sure if I got what that was all about. Does the existence of Planck time imply that something will always be moving one Planck length at a time, and can't exist between the start and the end of a Planck...

Hello, I am a physics major and although I did exceedingly well in my basic math courses (algebra, pre-cal, etc.) I feel like I need a good review. Does anyone have any suggestions of resources that I can tap into to do this? I may end up going back over old textbooks but I was...

This is an argument I thought up after a class on combinatrical properties of the model \textbf{L}. Our course is about set theory, not logic, so this paradox desn't seem relevant in its context. Can you help me figure out where I got it wrong? The constructible heirarchy of sets is a series...

Hey guys, Is it possible to learn, (at least) elementary Fourier analysis, after completing Spivak's "Calculus"?. If not, what more is there to learn before one can begin Fourier analysis?

Is there an first-principles equation for integration that can be explicitly solved like that for differentiation? - I'm trying to understand Integration intuitively. Thanks heaps. I've tried to piece together one but can't quite solve it (for simple functions like f = x). Things cancel and...