Internal Definition and 993 Threads

For this problem (see image), I get the correct answer for the normal force at point E if I: 1) divide the frame into members AB and CB, 2) solve for the x and y components of the reaction force at point B, 3) make a free body diagram with the cut at point E forming member EB and setting the sum...

I was in an earlier problem tasked to do the same but when V = ##M_{2,2}(\mathbb R)##. Then i represented each matrix in V as a vector ##(a_{11}, a_{12}, a_{21}, a_{22})## and the operation ##L(A)## could be represented as ##L(A) = (a_{11}, a_{21}, a_{12}, a_{22})##. This method doesn't really...

The question is simply why i can't use ∂U/∂V = -P? (

As you can see we have 3 media here. Only focus on the glass and coating medium. Assume an incident ray comes from the air medium and is refracted inside the glass and then it is refracted again in the coating medium. The x angle is the angle inside the glass medium. In this case, if the...

Hello, i am currently working on a project where i have to calculate the internal resistance of a battery based on the voltage drop caused by placing a resistor over the battery. I am an EE, and i understand how i can calculate the IR by schematic, but i found this equation: ((Open circuit...

Hello please be aware that my understanding of physics is basic, but I want to learn - and I will if explained simply enough please. I looked on here and found the cube in space query from last year, and I just about understood it, but the scalars and vectors did throw me, so hopefully it will...

Summary:: Having the following dates:

So, when I try to solve for expansion work, I don't know nothing about Pext. I've seen multiple times that they just replace Pext with Pint but I don't really get why. I thought about a few situations and I'd like for you to correct me if I'm wrong. If the system in vaccum: the simplest one...

I've been reading into - and watching videos on - FTIR as an explanation of Quantum Tunnelling. The articles and videos I've watched switch between classical and quantum systems so frequently its left me with a question I can't find an answer to - the texts that seem like they might answer it...

I'm just going to skip some of the step since I only need help with understanding the last part. After rearranging the equation stated at "Relevant equation" (and skipping some steps) we will get: E * 4*pi*e0*R^2 = integral pv * 4*pi*R^2 dR E = 1/(4*pi*e0*R^2) * 4*pi * integral pv*R^2 dR E =...

I'm inclined to say no, but am by no means certain. The total kinetic energy of a system of particles is $$T = \sum_{i} \frac{1}{2} m_{i}\vec{v_i}\cdot\vec{v_i} = \frac{1}{2} m_{i}(\vec{v_{COM}} + \vec{v_{i}^{'}})^{2} = \frac{1}{2}M\vec{v_{COM}}^{2} + \frac{1}{2}\sum_{i} m_{i}...

Question: Solution manual: Is the solution manual correct or not? why does not contain heat transfer?

Suppose I have a galvanic cell, where I've arbitrarily set the (-) anode to have a potential of zero volts and the (+) cathode to ##\epsilon## V. The electrodes are connected via the load, but also via the solutions and salt bridge in the centre. Edit: The two trailing wires are connected to a...

I assume this interaction is an explosive separation one, and as such, I thought the problem gave me the numbers to satisfy the second equation. I converted the 238 amu and 234 amu and plugged the results into the second equation of 0 = m1v1f + m2v2f. I got 0 = (3.95*10^-25kg)v1f + 3.88*10^-25kg...

I've come across some conflicting definitions and hoped someone more in-the-know could clarify a few points. The rest energy is the total energy of the system in its rest frame; I read about the following (approximate!) semi-empirical mass formula earlier, and if we multiplied this through by...

According to the first principle of thermodynamics: ΔU = W + Q Also noting that: W = -P⋅ΔV (Question: This P is the initial pressure or the final?) To find V2: (P1⋅V1) / T1 = (P2⋅V2) / T2 → Therefore, (P⋅V1) / T1 = [(P/5)⋅V2] / T2 → (P⋅V1) / T1 = (P⋅V2) / (5⋅T2) → V2 = (5⋅T2⋅V1) / T1...

For the most part, I ignore seeming cranks on other platforms, but the persistence - and insistence - of one who keeps claiming what looks to be physically impossible attributes of his ICE engine finally triggered my "Okay, I'll ask some experts." His written posts are along the lines of this...

I've worked out that half of the steam must condense (since the pressure of the steam needs to remain constant for the forces on the massless piston to balance). Also, if the total volume of the container is ##V##, the work done on the system equals ##\frac{P_{atm}V}{4}##. When half of the steam...

I've learned that ##W = -\int{P_{ext} dV}##, and only during a reversible/quasi-static process where ##P_{int} = P_{ext}## can we write the work done on the gas in terms of the internal pressure (and consequently use ##PV=nRT## etc. which apply to the internal gas). However, a lot of sources...

Why we do not considered the translational energy of the gases particles in the internal energy due to ordered motion but only due to random motion.

Homework Statement: A quantity of ideal gas initially at 20 atmospheres in a volume of 1 litre and a temperature of 300K suddenly expands and comes to equilibrium with a volume of50 litres and a pressure of 1 atmosphere. If the process is irreversible and involves the transfer of heat and work...

I want to surface heat internal splines with induction heating with an internal diameter coil. It is a cylinder, uniform shape, and the teeth are 1mm wide and 2mm deep. The inside diameter of the hollow section is 19mm and the length is 55cm. I was wondering when calculating power/resistance...

4 resistors R1= 10 Ohm R2= 7 Ohm R3= 6 Ohm R4 = 18 Ohm, internal resistance of source is 0,5 Ohm and supply voltage is 27V Total resistance in parallel resistors 1/R = 0.465 taking the inverse of that i get 2,15 Ohm. Add to that the internal 0,5 and the total comes out to 2,65 Ohm. Total...

Hello all, This is my first post on here so sorry if its not the greatest. I am starting to make a car based video game for the ios in which you are able to customise cars and race them. One feature i wanted to include in this game was the ability to create unique engines. I don't want it...

Question (These are incorrect values) Attempt I used and then found the respective change in temperature. However for the last question I have no idea, do I sum up the net change in temperature and use But then what is the work and how do we figure it out?

Can somebody explain this please? I don't understand this.

My book states that, '∑Finternal=0∑Finternal=0. But the work done by them may or may not be zero. Why is this true? Edit: How can the work ≠ 0 sometimes?

Hello, I'm doing some refreshers before going back to school. Stat mech is my shakiest and I'd appreciate some help on this problem. I know that for a single particle, the partition function will be $$Z = 1 + 2e^{-\beta\Delta} + 2e^{-4\beta\Delta}$$ and so its internal energy is $$\frac{1}{Z}...

Spin in Physical Space, Internal Space, and Hilbert Space: Spin is already a great unifying principle in theoretical physics, but its potential is far from exhausted. Here I discuss – very concisely – the role of spin in particle physics, in space-time physics, and in ideas for unified field...

Work done by conservative forces adds potential energy (by definition of conservative force), and potential energy can only be internal to a system. Thus, conservative forces must be internal to a system. Is this reasoning correct?

Is there anybody who can advise wether the heat lost / gained during vaporisation, is best calculated from enthalpy, or from internal energy, in the steam tables? I am trying to establish the increase in the volume of milk when the temperature is raised by adding saturated steam at 1 bar (1...

Using (2) on (1) give ## dU = -dW##... (4) A.For expansion since the gas goes from ##(P_1, V_1, T_1)## to ##(P_2, V_2, T_2)##, does this imply ##T_1 \leq T_2 ##? B. If so, then ##W## for adiabatic expansion would be negative (using (3))? Using negative ##dW## in (4) gives us a positive result...

I'm brainstorming how to make an electric motorbike, making as much use of the available space as possible to allow for as many batteries to be fitted as possible. Batteries aren't relevant right now; my focus is on the final drive at the back of the bike. To maximise space, I want to fit the...

I’m having a mental block re. teaching internal energy. Here’s the issue: For ideal gas, internal energy is entirely kinetic energy. I explain to students this is because there are no interatomic forces of attraction. Now, a solid...internal energy is sum of kinetic energy and potential...

I have the definition of change in internal energy. $$ \Delta U = Q - W $$ I can get the work by $$ W = \int_{V_1}^{V_2} p dV = p \Delta V $$ however the pressure isn't constant so this won't do. ## W ## is work done by the gas and ## Q ## is amount of heat energy brought into the system. I'm...

Hello, Could someone please if possible explain the affects of external pressure (hydrostatic) in combination with internal pressure on a submerged pipelines stresses (hoop, longitudinal, radial) Most equations I have came across only seem to consider 1 or the other and not both simultaneously...

Homework Statement Hi to everyone, I'm studying thermodynamics, especially I'm focused on the work exchanged by a system. Book's explanation says that when the system received a force from the environment [F(e-s)] (on its surface) it reacts with a force from the system to the environment...

Could anybody suggest some forums(or bbs(s)) of internal combustion engine? Hello guys, I'm a physics fan, recently I was doing some research of internal combustion engines, could anybody who could suggest some forums or bbs(s) of internal combustion engine? i need somewhere to find some...

Good day all ! I have a confusion regarding the use of the formula dU=CdT for computing internal energy for liquid or solid like for instance in this exercice We have an isothermal process so I thought that dU=0 so according to the first law of thermodynamics dQ=-dW (we want to calulate the...

Homework Statement Which statement about internal energy is correct? A. When two system have the same internal energy, they must be at the same temperature B. When the internal energy of a system is increased, its temperature always rises C. The internal energy of a system depends only on its...

Hey guys. I am building a system for me and a few hundred people. We are incorporating the ESP8266 module to send data over the internet. Each house, however, has its own wifi. Does anyone have any solutions to this problem? I was thinking of setting up an access point and somehow sending data...

In frustrated total internal reflection, is there refraction corresponding to the refractive index difference between the first and third medium or does the light continue in straight line as it is usually depicted in graphic representations of the frustrated total internal reflection?

Homework Statement Given this following circuit: What is the internal resistance of the meter movement ( R_I). This is part of a project I'm doing and I know the equation that gives you the internal resistance in this circuit. $$R_I = \frac{R_sR_p}{R_s - R_p}$$. However, I have no idea how...

In this circuit,first there will be voltage drop in the internal resistance of the voltage source.Mostly,the voltage source is assumed ideal in circuits,however,here a practical voltage source is assumed. So,there will be voltage drop in the internal resistance of the voltage source which will...

I have a plate capacitor with a given charge. It is then dipped in a dielectric fluid and I must determine which height the fluid reaches(all the necessary parameters are given). I can solve this problem if I make the following assumption: the polarization of the dielectric does not( or...

I would argue that if you are computing the work done by an expanding gas in a frictionless piston, in an irreversible expansion where the inner pressure is greater at all times than the (constant) outer pressure, that you should integrate the internal pressure over volume change, not multiply...

Homework Statement Four particles of mass 1 Kg each, are moving on a plane with the velocities given in the figure. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution First I calculated the position of the CoM: Xcm=7/4(i + j) Then I calculated the velocity of the CoM: Vcm= ½i + ¼j For the internal...

MODERATOR'S NOTE: I have been having difficulty explaining to this member the error in his algebraic development, in particular being cavalier in his attentiveness to proper algebraic manipulation of signs. I explained his error in post #7 (and the problems that could arise if he continues to...

On the topic of structural tubing... It is my understanding that round tubing is stronger than square tubing, or conversely that, that round tubing is lighter for a tube of the same strength. Does it necessarily follow that the best possible use of material when making a tube, is to use it all...

Homework Statement A Capillary tube is made of glass of refractive index n1 . The outer radius of the tube is R.The tube is filled with a liquid of refractive index n2 < n1 .what should be the minimum internal radius of the tube so that any ray that hits the tube would enter the liquid...