Linear algebra Definition and 999 Threads

Homework Statement Let ##A## be an ##m \times n## matrix. Show that by means of a finite number of elementary row/column operations ##A## can be reduced to both "row reduced echelon" and "column reduced echelon" matrix ##R##. i.e ##R_{ij} = 0## if ##i \ne j##, ##R_{ii} = 1 ##, ##1 \le i \le...

Homework Statement Find the inverse of ##A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & \dfrac12 & & \cdots && \dfrac1n \\\dfrac12 & \dfrac13 && \cdots && \dfrac1{n+1} \\ \vdots & \vdots && && \vdots \\ \dfrac1n & \dfrac1{n+1} && \cdots && \dfrac1{2n-1}\end{bmatrix}## Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a SolutionI...

For a ##n\times n## matrix A, the following are equivalent. 1) A is invertible 2) The homogenous system ##A\bf X = 0## has only the trivial solution ##\mathbf X = 0## 3) The system of equations ##A\bf X = \bf Y## has a solution for each ##n\times 1 ## matrix ##\bf Y##. I have problem in third...

What does "linear" in linear algebra and "abstract" in abstract algebra stands for ? Since I am learning linear algebra, I can guess why linear algebra is called so. In linear algebra, the introductory stuff is all related to solving systems of linear equations of form ##A\bf{X} = \bf{Y}##...

Prove that interchange of two rows of a matrix can be accomplished by a finite sequence of elemenatary row operations of the other two types. My proof :- If ##A_k## is to be interchanged by ##A_l## then, ##\displaystyle \begin{align} A_k &\to A_l + A_k \\ A_l &\to - A_l \\ A_l &\to A_k + A_l...

Homework Statement Let { u, v, w} be a set of vectors linearly independent on a vector space V - Is { u-v, v-w, u-w} linearly dependent or independent? Homework Equations [/B] A set of vectors u, v, w are linearly independent if for the equation au + bv + cw= 0 (where a, b, c are real...

Homework Statement Let V be of finite dimension. Show that the mapping T→Tt is an isomorphism from Hom(V,V) onto Hom(V*,V*). (Here T is any linear operator on V). Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution Let us denote the mapping T→Tt with F(T). V if of finite dimension, say dim...

Homework Statement Suppose T:V→U is linear and u ∈ U. Prove that u ∈ I am T or that there exists ##\phi## ∈ V* such that TT(##\phi##) = 0 and ##\phi##(u)=1. Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution Let ##\phi## ∈ Ker Tt, then Tt(##\phi##)(v)=##\phi##(T(v))=0 ∀T(v) ∈ I am T. So...

Homework Statement Suppose T:V→U is linear and V has finite dimension. Prove that I am Tt = (Ker T)0 Homework Equations dim(W)+dim(W0)=dim(V) where W is a subspace of V and V has finite dimension. The Attempt at a Solution I first proved I am Tt ⊆ (Ker T)0. Let u be an arbitrary element of...

I had a pretty tough schedule this semester, so I'm getting my first B. I otherwise wouldn't be too sad, but I hear Linear is pretty important in upper-level physics and astronomy. So, will this hurt my chances of getting into grad school? I am (was? rising sophomore) only a first-year, and I do...

Homework Statement Suppose V=U⊕W. Prove that V0=U0⊕W0. (V0= annihilator of V). Homework Equations (U+W)0=U0∩W0 The Attempt at a Solution Well, I don't see how this is possible. If V0=U0⊕W0, then U0∩W0={0}, and since (U+W)0=U0∩W0, it means (U+W)0={0}, but V=U⊕W, so V0={0}. I don't think this...

Homework Statement Let V be a vector space over R. let Φ1, Φ2 ∈ V* (the duel space) and suppose σ:V→R, defined by σ(v)=Φ1(v)Φ2(v), also belongs to V*. Show that either Φ1 = 0 or Φ2 = 0. Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution Since σ is also an element of the duel space, it is...

Homework Statement At t=0, the system is in the state . What is the expectation value of the energy at t=0? I'm not sure if this is straight forward scalar multiplication, surprised if it was, but we didn't cover this in class really, just glossed through it. If someone could walk me through...

Given the two systems below for an ##m \times n## matrix ##A##: (Sy 1): ##Ax = 0, x \geq 0, x \neq 0## (Sy 2): ##A^Ty > 0 ## I seek to prove: (Sy 1) is consistent ##\Leftrightarrow## (Sy 2) is inconsistent. I figured out how to prove Q ##\Rightarrow ## P by proving the contrapositive...

I have encountered this theorem in Serge Lang's linear algebra: Theorem 3.1. Let F: V --> W be a linear map whose kernel is {O}, then If v1 , ... ,vn are linearly independent elements of V, then F(v1), ... ,F(vn) are linearly independent elements of W. In the proof he starts with C1F(v1) +...

I am familiar with the derivation of the resolution of the identity proof in Dirac notation. Where ## | \psi \rangle ## can be represented as a linear combination of basis vectors ## | n \rangle ## such that: ## | \psi \rangle = \sum_{n} c_n | n \rangle = \sum_{n} | n \rangle c_n ## Assuming an...

I have two questions for you. Typically when trying to find out if a set of vectors is linearly independent i put the vectors into a matrix and do RREF and based on that i can tell if the set of vectors is linearly independent. If there is no zero rows in the RREF i can say that the vectors are...

So I am working out a course schedule for my last two years of undergrad and have room for only one more math class but do not know which would be more beneficial. The two courses are Intro to Modern Algebra or Numerical Linear Algebra. I am working towards a bachelors degree in physics and plan...

Homework Statement Consider the vector space that consists of all possible linear combinations of the following functions: $$1, sin (x), cos (x), (sin (x))^{2}, (cos x)^{2}, sin (2x), cos (2x)$$ What is the dimension of this space? Exhibit a possible set of basis vectors, and demonstrate that...

Homework Statement Suppose u,v ∈ V and that Φ(u)=0 implies Φ(v)=0 for all Φ ∈ V* (the duel space). Show that v=ku for some scalar k. Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution I've managed to solve the problem when V is of finite dimension by assuming u,v are linearly independent...

Homework Statement Consider the subspace $$W:=\Bigl \{ \begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ b & a \end{bmatrix} : a,b \in \mathbb{R}\Bigr \}$$ of $$\mathbb{M}^2(\mathbb{R}). $$ I have a few questions about how this can be decomposed. 1) Is there a subspace $$V$$ of...

Homework Statement http://prntscr.com/eqhh2p http://prntscr.com/eqhhcg Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I don't even know what these are, it is not outlined in my textbook. I'm assuming I am is image? But how do you calculate image even? As far as I'm concerned I am has to do wtih...

I'm in a bit of a dilemma. At my university, Calc 2 is a prerequisite to Linear Algebra. However, I have been told that it's totally doable to take both at the same time. What do you guys think? Do most universities wave this requirement if you take them concurrently? Thanks!

Homework Statement The question is: if vectors v1, v2, v3 belong to a vector space V does it follow that: span (v1, v2, v3) = V span (v1, v2, v3) is a subset of V.[/B] 2. The attempt at a solution: If I understand it correctly the answer to both questions is yes. The first: the linear...

I want to understand what changing coordinate system means for hands of clock. Let's say the clock only has hour and minute hand. It can move let's say just in the upper 180 deg. of the clock (as shown in the figure). The area between the two hands is V1, and the rest is V2. Depending on the...

Hi, I'm trying to understand which mathematical actions I need to perform to be able to arrive at the solution shown in the uploaded picture. Thank you.

Homework Statement Show that ##g=g(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)=(-1)^{n}V_{n-1}(x)## where ##g(x_i)=\prod_{i<j} (x_i-x_j)##, ##x=x_n## and ##V_{n-1}## is the Vandermonde determinant defined by ##V_{n-1}(x)=\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & ... & 1 & 1 \\ x_1 & x_2 & ... & x_{n-1} & x_n \\ {x_1}^2 & {x_2}^2 & ... &...

Homework Statement Let A,B,C,D be commuting n-square matrices. Consider the 2n-square block matrix ##M= \begin{bmatrix} A & B \\ C & D \\ \end{bmatrix}##. Prove that ##\left | M \right |=\left | A \right |\left | D \right |-\left | B \right |\left | C \right |##. Show that the result may not be...

Homework Statement Let v(0) = [0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5]T, v(1) = [0.5 0.5 -0.5 -0.5]T, v(2) = [0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.5]T, and z = [-0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5]T. a) How many v(3) can we find to make {v(0), v(1), v(2), v(3)} a fully orthogonal basis? b) What are z's coefficients of expansion αk in the basis found in...

Homework Statement Find the coordinates of each member of set S relative to B. B = {1, cos(x), cos2(x), cos3(x), cos4(x), cos5(x)} S = {1, cos(x), cos(2x), cos(3x), cos(4x), cos(5x)} I am to do this using Mathematica software. Each spanning equation will need to be sampled at six separate...

Homework Statement I have a linear transformation ##\mathbb{R}^3 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^3##. The part that asks for a basis of eigenvectors I've already solved it. The possible eigenvectors are ##(1,-3,0), (1,0,3), (\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2},1) ##. Now the exercise wants me to show that there is...

The answers is b) ab≠1, but I have no clue how to get to that answer... Can someone help me? :D

http://imgur.com/a/xIydC The answers is b) ab≠1, but I have no clue how to get to that answer... Can someone help me? :D

I am taking a linear algebra class, and it has a required lab associated with it. Here is the following problem that I must solve using Matlab 1. Homework Statement Write a function using row reduction to find the inverse for any given 2x2 matrix. Name your function your initial + inv(M), the...

Homework Statement Consider two vector spaces ##A=span\{(1,1,0),(0,2,0)\}## and ##B=\{(x,y,z)\in\mathbb{R}^3 s.t. x-y=0\}##. Find a basis of ##A\cap B##. I get the solution but I also inferred it without all the calculations. Is my reasoning correct Homework Equations linear dependence...

Homework Statement Let ##V\subset \mathbb{R}^3## be the subspace generated by ##\{(1,1,0),(0,2,0)\}## and ##W=\{(x,y,z)\in\mathbb{R}^3|x-y=0\}##. Find a matrix ##A## associated to a linear map ##f:\mathbb{R}^3\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^3## through the standard basis such that its nullspace is ##V##...

Homework Statement Build the matrix A associated with a linear transformation ƒ:ℝ3→ℝ3 that has the line x-4y=z=0 as its kernel. Homework Equations I don't see any relevant equation to be specified here . The Attempt at a Solution First of all, I tried to find a basis for the null space by...

Homework Statement Determine if the following is a subspace of ##P_3##. All polynomials ##a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+a_3x^3## for which ##a_0+a_1+a_2+a_3=0## Homework Equations use closure of addition and scalar multiplication The Attempt at a Solution Let ##P=a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+a_3x^3## and...

(From Hoffman and Kunze, Linear Algebra: Chapter 6.7, Exercise 11.) Note that ##V_j^0## means the annihilator of the space ##V_j##. V* means the dual space of V. 1. Homework Statement Let V be a vector space, Let ##W_1 , \cdots , W_k## be subspaces of V, and let $$V_j = W_1 + \cdots + W_{j-1}...

given P(-1,1,2), Q(-3,0,4), R(3,2,1), find an equation of the line through P that is parallel to the line through Q and R. All the words after the given three points really confuse me and I just need some help on where to start to tackle this problem. Thanks

Homework Statement Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution I proved the first part of the question (first quote) and got stuck in the second (second quote). I defined Im(E1) as U and Im(E2) as W and proved that v=u+w where v ∈ V, u ∈ U and w ∈ W. After that however I got stuck at...

I am currently brushing on my linear algebra skills when i read this For any Matrix A 1)A*At is symmetric , where At is A transpose ( sorry I tried using the super script option given in the editor and i couldn't figure it out ) 2)(A + At)/2 is symmetric Now my question is , why should it be...

Homework Statement Let ##n>1\in\, \mathbb{N}##. A map ##A:\mathbb{R}_{n}[x]\to\mathbb{R}_{n}[x]## is given with the rule ##(Ap)(x)=(x^n+1)p(1)+p^{'''}(x)## a)Proof that this map is linear b)Find some basis of the kernel b)Find the dimension of the image Homework Equations ##\mathbb{R}_{n}[x]##...

Hello I have a question about the uniqueness of the inverse element in a groupoid. When we were in class our profesor wrote ##\text{Let} (M,*) \,\text{be a monoid then the inverse (if it exists) is unique}##. He then went off to prove that and I understood it, however I got curious and started...

This isn't really a homework question, I just need help understanding the example: ===================== ==================== So transformation takes complex n-tuple as input, and it seems output is also a complex n-tuple (which is what makes it "operator"). But permutations of n entries is...

Homework Statement Prove that each subfield of the field of complex numbers contains every rational number. ' From Hoffman and Kunze's Linear Algebra Chapter 1 Section 2 Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Suppose there was a subfield of the complex numbers that did not contain every...

Homework Statement Given ##v = {\left\{ {v}_{i} \right\}}_{i = 1}^{\infty}## and defining ## {v}_{n}^{\left( k \right)} = {v}_{n - k} ## (Shifting Operator). Prove that there exist ## \alpha > 0 ## such that $$ \sum_{k = - \infty}^{\infty} {2}^{- \left| k \right|} \left \langle {v}^{\left (...

Homework Statement Homework Equations determinant is the product of the eigenvalues... so -1.1*2.3 = -2.53 det(a−1) = 1 / det(A), = (1/-2.53) =-.3952 The Attempt at a Solution If it's asking for a quality of its inverse, it must be invertible. I did what I showed above, but my answer was...

The question is : Is it true that two matrices with the same characteristic polynomials have the same trace? I know that similar matrices have the same trace because they share the same eigenvalues, and I know that if two matrices have the same eigenvalues, they have the same trace. But I am...

Could someone please help me work through the differentiation in a paper (not homework), I am having trouble finding out how they came up with their cost function. The loss function is L=wE, where E=(G-Gest)^2 and G=F'F The derivative of the loss function wrt F is proportional to F'(G-Gest)...