Material Definition and 1000 Threads

A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified based on their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or biological function. Materials science is the study of materials and their applications.
Raw materials can be processed in different ways to influence their properties, by purification, shaping or the introduction of other materials. New materials can be produced from raw materials by synthesis.
In industry, materials are inputs to manufacturing processes to produce products or more complex materials.

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  1. S

    Equivalent material for the EN39B in Chinese standards

    Hello Everyone, Can someone pleas help me to find out the equivalent material for the EN39B steel in Chinese (GB) standard. I found other equivalents AS X9315 / EN39B Germany DIN: 15NiCrMo16-5 Great Britain 835M15 or 835H15 Japan SNCM 815, JIS G 4103 USA EN: 39B but its little bit difficult to...
  2. Brunelli

    Why humans have genetic material from both apes and pigs?

    I read in some article that we have material from pigs too. 1) Is that possible? Can pigs and monkeys breed? 2) Is there any possibility "someone" in a far away past crossbreed-ed genetic material of both apes and pigs? Are we a hybrid?
  3. C

    Need help regarding shaft material

    I'm building a trike and wanted to know if an acrylic shaft would suffice? The accumulator shaft would hold two cycle ratchet and a sprocket.
  4. U

    Approximate mass of special alloys in a nuclear reactor?

    Approximately, what is the total mass of these materials that is contained in a "typical" Gen III or III+ PWR (e.g., EPR, AP1000...)? 1/ Zr alloy (fuel cladding and other assembly components)? 2/ Ag-In-Cd alloy (control rods)? 3/ Gd (burnable neutron absorber)? 4/ Ni-based alloys? 5/ Stainless...
  5. S

    Material that will expand more than SAP's

    Any suggestions about a material that has more expanding properties when exposed to moisture than Super Absorbant Polymers? Or binary materials...IE...when mixed together and then moistened have a greater expansion capability than SAP's? Thanks
  6. E

    Question in mechanics (most of the material)

    Hi there, I have physics questions. if someone can help me . Thanks a lot!
  7. F

    Find Optic Laser Material That Responds to Perpendicular & Parallel Light

    I am looking for group of material that behaves according to the following: (1) When a certain laser light passes perpendicular to the surface of the material it enters and exits unimpeded (2) However, when another laser light (with direction parallel to the surface) enters the material, the...
  8. L

    Viscoelasticity of Steel: Is it Right?

    Viscoelasticity is a property of a material that exibits both viscous and elastic properties.. When under load,within elastic limit,steel offers resistance to deformation (viscous) and regains shape after removal of load..So is it right to say steel is VISCOELASTIC in elastic limit?
  9. C

    What affects the rate of evaporation in a material?

    Hello! I've been researching hygroscopic materials and evaporation rate a bit lately, and a question has struck me which I haven't found an answer to yet: What material factors affect the rate of evaporation? Is it possible to engineer a material which is hygroscopic (absorbs water) in humid...
  10. F

    Can Computer Simulations Revolutionize Material Design?

    hello are there software to design alloys in silico or other materials and see how they would perform? thanks!
  11. T

    Flexible material that quickly dissolves in rubbing alcohol

    Hello! I'm looking for a substance that can: (1) be turned into a flexible material (e.g., a flexible plastic), (2) is dissolveable in rubbing alcohol but not water (or blood), and (3) safe for a medical procedure ... And, if possible, preferably biodegradable... I know that's kind of a...
  12. MattRob

    Material Behavior at the Event Horizon

    In classical mechanics, to raise from some height h_{0} to infinity over a gravitational body, takes a certain amount of energy, the energy associated with escape velocity, let's just call it ε. ε = \lim_{t\rightarrow +\infty} \int_{h_{0}}^t ƒ(h)dh Likewise, it's time-reversible, so dropping...
  13. Wazkey

    Other Do books exist just for review study material?

    That's the question. When I ask that I'm talking about science books, most importantly, Mathematics and Physics. My aim is to avoid taking notes, I think it would be a waste of time if there are summarized books out there. For example, there could be summarized books written for refreshing...
  14. L

    Position of unknown material on electrostatic series?

    Homework Statement You have a new unknown material. You want to get a rough approximation as to the location of the unknown material on the electrostatic series. You only have two tools at your disposal; some wax and a charge detector. Design an experiment (procedure) that will help you...
  15. kentclub

    Do you recognise this material?

    Hello dear friends, I have recently found a material that will be really interesting for its tribological properties (for my master thesis)... in the mall ! It is used in Samsung kitchen ovens : some kind of a joint to hold the cavity separator (a plate that divides the oven cavity in 2)...
  16. S

    Simulation of poroelastic material with COMSOL Multiphysics

    Good morning, I was wondering if you could help me solve a problem with a poroelastic model with COMSOL Multiphysics. It is a very simple model preliminary to my real study to understand the role of Poisson's ratio on the simulation, keeping all other parameters constant. The model is a...
  17. G

    Permeability in ferromagnetic material (AC)

    Homework Statement The following coil-wound core (core length = L , Gap length = lg, cross- sectional area = A , core permeability = only hysteresis graph is given, N = N turns) is driven by a Voltage source, is known that the current in the coil is 60hz AC. Determine...
  18. M

    Difference in material between 1250A, 40KA & 1250A, 50KA?

    At M.V. (10.5KV), what is the difference in material between 1250A, 40KA busbar & 1250A, 50KA?
  19. M

    IDL (interactive data language) material wanted

    Does anyone know where I can find some material (for free) on IDL? I'm new to programming, and I would like to teach myself this language. I would like suggestions to material that is "novice" friendly.
  20. J

    Strong, Low Friction material better than teflon?

    I'm working on an engineering problem where we are using Teflon as a low-friction material as a surface for plastic parts to move above. However, the material is wearing faster than expected due to the plastic rubbing away at the Teflon. Is there a non-metallic material that has equal or...
  21. A

    Calculation of different natural frequencies of a material

    Hi, As far as I know, every material has different sets of natural frequencies associated with it. For example, A simple one dimensional oscillator with stiffness "k" and mass "m" has a formula for calculating its natural frequency = 1/2pie*squareroot(k/m). I was wondering if there are...
  22. O

    Looking for a spacific material

    Hi, I'm looking for a shape memory material with this features: - return to his original shape by electric hit or by folding manual - flexibility - strong enough to swipe another flex material. Thank you.
  23. mesa

    What is the best material for cryo ball mill cup assembly?

    I am working with a set of alloys that must first be ground up in a ball mill at cryogenic temperatures. It is important that no contamination makes it into the material and careful steps are taken to ensure this end. Unfortunately when we ran a set of samples through our RBS lab and then again...
  24. !mmortal

    Struggle with identifying my material

    my friends, i am struggling wit the identifying of my material.My material is the spring of the suspension of bicycle,material is steel but how .I am sending some photos ,please help me this is my final project
  25. J

    A Material that Can Withstand High Pressure & Caustic Condition

    I am interested in locating a material that can withstand a strong alkaline medium (10 M KOH) and approx. 5 atm pressure... I am somewhat new to material chemistry so all I have been able to think of thus far is PVC pipe. Through my research I have discovered that PVC is highly fire retardant...
  26. A

    Admissions Material Science vs Condensed Matter PhD & Admission Req

    Hi all again, I started a post earlier and it was buried somewhere by now. I really need more input and information and hope you all can help. How are admission process different, CM vs MS&E? CM belongs to Physics department while MS&E is usually on the engineering side. I got my Physics...
  27. Fatima Silva

    Medical A material light, cheap and strong as wood material

    Good evening. I'de like to know if exists a material light, cheap and strong as wood material, capable of handle maximum 100 pounds. . that's for a portable massage table structure.
  28. baby_1

    Connect different material with different Band Gap

    Hello As you know AlGaAs and GaAs have different band gap).I want to know what will happen when we connect both of them to each other? In this figure I don't know how can we draw the jump in their junction. Could you tell me what does fermi level do? Thanks
  29. nomadreid

    Anomaly set theoretic equivalent to material implication

    OK, this is embarrassing, but I never looked carefully at this elementary point. We say that if p implies q P is the set of all things for which p is true Q is the set of all things for which q is true then Q ⊆ P. Also that the set of all things for which p&q is true equals P∩Q But p & q...
  30. B

    Tensile Test Specimen Point of Failure

    I am a part C Mechanical Engineering student and have been undertaking a project investigating the strain sensitivity of a particular glass filled composite. From my quasi-static results, the stress-strain curves seem to be reasonable and match that of the mechanical material properties...
  31. B

    High strain rate testing using the SHPB -- Help please

    I am a part C mechanical engineering student and require some advice for my individual project, which is based on the high strain-rate testing of a particular glass filled composite material using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiment. I gathered the results on a SHPB test rig and...
  32. H

    How to Select a Lightweight Material for a Tricycle Chassis?

    I am working on a project for which we have to design a Light weight tricycle. I want to know the procedure for selecting a light weight material for the chassis, which has good stiffness, economically available and good weld ability. We also have no constraints on the cross section of the pipes...
  33. F

    Can Higher Strain Rates Be Modeled from Existing Stress/Strain Curves?

    I want to create stress/strain curves for Higher Strain Rates from an available stress/strain curve? I am interested on the mathematical formulation aspect to generate a Dyna Material card.
  34. kelvin490

    Why diamagnetic material is not repelled

    When an external magnetic field is applied to a diamagnetic materials, their atomic current loops will tend to align in such a way as to oppose the applied field. Diamagnetism is the residual magnetic behavior when materials are neither paramagnetic nor ferromagnetic and most materials are...
  35. Shefali Vaidya

    Costliest physics material on earth?

    I have heard that AntiMatter is the costliest material on Earth costing around $62 trillion per gram. How true is that and why? Who calculated this? What does antimatter do? Please shed some light. Thanks!
  36. Q

    Intro Math Rigorous math/physics self teaching material?

    Hi guys, So, I'm a high school senior about to graduate, and because of reasons, I most likely will not be attending a college next year. However, I will apply to colleges next year for a Physics major. In the meantime, I would like to use my time wisely, and I was thinking that the smart thing...
  37. M

    How number of primitive cells in a material = number of K-States ?

    Dear All, 1) I am not able to understand the statement given by one of the professor. i,e., Number of primitive cells in a material = Number of K-States. 2) Additionally, if one atom is per primitive cell then why do we have NUMBER of k-states equivalent to number of atoms in this case ? 3)...
  38. jmex

    Casting grades for different materials

    Hello, I am confused with casting grades of different steel,for example 316 SS has casting grade CF8M. What does it mean and where can i find grades of other materials as well like 316L, 304L. 304, CS, etc. Any data sheet showing grades for every material will be helpful. Thanks
  39. S

    Prob/Stats Material for studying probability and statistics

    Hi guys, I'm having trouble with this book - "Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists" by Sheldon M. Ross. The explanations are very short and often lack necessary details, the examples are very hard and apparently some full of errors. I just can't study from it...
  40. N

    Material that can be bent repetitively without fatique?

    I am looking for a material that I can bend easily into different desired shape frequently without breaking or losing strength. The material can either be elastic or not elastic. I know sheet spring can do but if I bend it like 70 to 80 degrees will it permanently deformed or become fatique...
  41. T

    Material Derivative (Convective Derivative Operator)

    Hi, I've learned that material derivative is equal to local derivative + convective derivative, but can't seem to find out which way the convective derivative acts, like for example in velocity fields: The equation my teacher gave us was (with a and v all/both vectors): Acceleration = material...
  42. P

    Material for Sealing: O-Rings & Shaft Seals for Marine Use

    Hello, I would need help. Need help choosing the material for sealing: o-ring, shaft seal. They will use the equipment that will be installed on board a seagoing ship. The conditions are: - Resistant to seawater - Withstand temperatures of -32 ° to + 60 ° or -25 ° to + 60 ° - And chemical...
  43. V

    Material Studio (geometry optimization)

    Hi. I am using Material Studio (MS) version 4.3 (yeah I know it's old but that's all I've got) and I have been trying to calculate this energy of a specific compound (N,N-dimethylformamide). I've learned that there are 3 ways on how to calculate energy using MS; Forcite, Dmol3 and Minimizer...
  44. A

    Why Is the Area Between Non-Hookean Material Graphs the Energy Lost?

    So i have been given a practical for a non-hookean material i.e. polymer, we were to add weights progressively and then taking them off one by one. After doing so i plotted the weight attached to the polymer vs the length stretched for both adding and removing the weights on the same graph. The...
  45. Hyo X

    Mobility of 2D material, sigma=N*e*mu with N surface density

    I have measured the conductivity of a 2D material. I want to use σ=N⋅e⋅μ to find the mobility μ=σ/(N⋅e). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_mobility#Relation_to_conductivity I have measured N using a spectroscopic/imaging technique to get a Surface Density with units [cm^-2]. Mobility...
  46. P

    Photon energy of a certain material?

    Homework Statement A certain material is kept at very low temperature. It is observed that when photons with energies between 0.23 eV and 0.85 eV strike the material, only photons of 0.37 eV and 0.64 eV are absorbed. Next the material is warmed up so that it starts to emit photons. When it has...
  47. nahian taskin

    How to Solve a Material Balance Problem for Two Liquids A and B?

    Two liquids, A and B, are mixed together. A is 5.00% solids, the rest water. B is 11.0% solids, the rest water. To the mixture is added 18.5 kg of bone-dry solids resulting in a mixture of 2 150 kg containing 8.25% solids. What were the original amounts of the liquids A and B?
  48. A

    How can light absorbing material absorb forever?

    It is my understanding that a photon is absorbed when the photon's energy is sufficient to excite an electron into a higher energy state. So if I shine a light unto a light absorbing material, let's say a thin black metal, then why the surface never reaches a saturated state? I mean, if we...
  49. S

    Refractive index change in Piezoelectric material

    Hello all, whether the Refractive index of piezoelectric materials (Example: Polyvinylidene fluoride-PVDF ) changes by the application of pressure, strain or force ?
  50. M

    Heat Transfer-How long will it take for a material to heat up

    Homework Statement A cylinder made out of AL 6061-T5, dimensions d 10mm, L 28mm. Is put into an oven pre-heated to 100 deg C. How long will it take for the cylinder to reach 100 deg C ? Homework Equations None given, this is not a homework question or even material I have been taught. I have...
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