Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events. The scope and application of measurement are dependent on the context and discipline. In natural sciences and engineering, measurements do not apply to nominal properties of objects or events, which is consistent with the guidelines of the International vocabulary of metrology published by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. However, in other fields such as statistics as well as the social and behavioural sciences, measurements can have multiple levels, which would include nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scales.Measurement is a cornerstone of trade, science, technology and quantitative research in many disciplines. Historically, many measurement systems existed for the varied fields of human existence to facilitate comparisons in these fields. Often these were achieved by local agreements between trading partners or collaborators. Since the 18th century, developments progressed towards unifying, widely accepted standards that resulted in the modern International System of Units (SI). This system reduces all physical measurements to a mathematical combination of seven base units. The science of measurement is pursued in the field of metrology.
They say often that light only travels at light speed in a vacuum. That it slows down in air and water. I do not think this is true - correct me if I am wrong as I usualy am :shy:
All atoms are vacuum. Light is energy that is not made of atoms, or in other words it is smaller then atoms if...
Dear All
I will be grateful for any idea on how to measure electrochemically the charge carrier in an electrode say working electrode made of Al.
Thank you from advance
Shay
Hi
Can anyone tell me how magnetic field strength decreases with distance in free space? If the source was effectively a point souce in a plasma, what would the field strength be at a specific distance?
Is it source field strength/4 pi r sqrd?
As an example if the source was 1T, what...
Say we have a BELL state |B00> = cos(a) |00>+ sin(a) |11>
then for a (just one) pair of entangled particles, we keep one on location q, the other one in location w; the one in q forms a system Q, the one in w forms W. ( 'x' in a function like |v> x |w> indicates a tensor product)...
To all the engineers or the enginnering students out there. How do you give the definition to one meter (1 m)? More: How much do you weight in Newton, slug, and pound-force (lb_f)?
Hey,
Simple questions, and hopefully I can explain my query a bit better than others I have made. I'm just trying to think of any advantages for using radians instead of degrees? I know/think that degrees are an arbitrary unit but cannot think of any reasons for using 360.
1. What are the...
Does anyone know why we prepare F- containing solutions with plastic beakers and cups instead of the regular glass beakers before measuring the responses with F- ion selective electrode
Is it because F- in corrosive?
where can i find infomation on this?
Thanks a lot~
okay, good. actually at another time i was staring at the more general equation and had a few questions regarding it.
so 1/H is the Hubble Time and about the age of the universe (maybe a milli-smidgen longer). this has been measured independently (from astronomical observation), right? and...
Can operators describe a single or many measurements at a single time?
i.e. a stern-gerlach atom deflection experiment where we can measure "up" deflection and "down" deflection or just "up" deflection.
I think I'm pretty confused..
I'm not sure which location to post this in; but since it deals with the very small (sub-atomic), then I'll post it here.
Does anybody know just how precise they can measure time? Can they measure seconds down to 50 yotta seconds (10^{-24})?
I have a theory (well, not quite that far yet...
I recently watched a program called 'Atom' on bbc4 that said something along the lines of: "If you want to strike fear into the eyes a physicist; mention the measurement problem" - What is the measurement problem and why is it such a problem?
I came upon a very interesting article today:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19875410/site/newsweek/
I wanted to confirm what I read... this is the first time I ever heard of this kind of thing, and I was wondering if any of you have seen this before.
It talks about a tweak of Young's...
Used in measured highs/lows/hourly temperatures.
Are they shade temperatures or temperatures under the Sun? Also - are shade temperatures really cooler than temperatures under the Sun?
Hi
just got a couple of question about errors in measurements.
I have a table of results of different meter stick measurements which are accurate to 0.1 cm.
Now a meter stick reads to 0.1 cm and the uncertainty is usually 20% of the smallest reading.
so all of my readings should be +/-...
Hi.
I will in a soon future be able to make some experiments with superconductivity on a University nearby.
The reason that I started this thread was because I need some help with just what I can measure that can be in any intresset for me.
The equipment is quite high so that shouldn´t be a...
Hi.
If I have got it all right the latest measurements of light from very distanced super novas tells us that the space of the universe is not curved, either hyperbolic or Spherical.
But I have recently been introduced to diffrent kind of hyperbolic geometries, like the projective model for...
I just read a news on physicsweb:
http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/3/9"
This is called a "quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement on single photons".
I would like to know a little bit more about QNDs.
Why they are called so.
What is special about these QND experiments, or maybe...
I am taking measurements off the screen of an analog oscilloscope in order to calculate voltage and frequency of a sinusoidal wave form. The volts per division is set to 0.50V, and the time per division is set to 0.50 ms.
I measure the vertical length of the trace to be 2.67 divisions. I...
I am writing a report on an experiment involving measuring the resistance of one component with different multimeters, and finding the uncertainties of these measurements from the multimeters themselves. For example, with one of the multimeters I got 270.1 ohms. This multimeter have stated "0.7%...
This is a question about practical physics ... if its posted in the wrong section my sincere apologies !
How do i decide the least count of a measuring device such as an ammeter (analog) ?
I know that the least count is the smallest division of measurement ... but why do people...
I'm doing test corrections for homework and we have to explain how to correct what we did wrong. I already have the answers I just need to know how to figure out the answer.
18. Find m<Q. The diagram is not to scale.
http://img100.imageshack.us/img100/3986/helpbp3.jpg
24. Find the value...
Hi,
I just had a quick question in regards to the addition/subtraction of quantaties and their uncertainties.
Am i correct in saying (22.4mL plusminus .01mL) + (21.3mL plusminus .01mL)=43.7 plusminus .02mL?
or is it plusminus .01mL ?
Im pretty sure my first answer is correct just...
Was the QM postulate for measurements misleading?
Interactions and their understanding is the central topic of QM. So it is for CM too.
The interaction between a QM system and a (macroscopic) Classical system is for sure an extremely interresting subject. Particularly when we want to describe...
Suppose you have a particle which is not in a momentum eigenstate. You then measure the momentum (say, in the x-direction) by two separate apperati simultaneously. Do the results have to agree? I asked my professor about this and he said that quantum mechanics will tell you that you can't...
Has anybody seen the news on the new measurements of the Bs - anti-Bs mixing amplitudes by the D0 and CDF experiments at Fermilab?
Tommaso Dorigo has a scholarly description at http://dorigo.wordpress.com/2006/04/11/more-details-on-bs-mixing/" (you may have to scroll down to April 19 there...
Hi,
I really need help solving this problem, can you pleasez help me with it?
Here is the problem:
An operator A, representing observable A, has two normalized eigenstates w1 and w2, with eigenvalues a1 and a2, respectively. Operator B, representing observable B, has two normalized...
i have some boubts about uncertainty in physical measurements. when adding two measurable values or subtracting them, we ADD UP the uncertainties-that is understood.
BUT when multiplying two measurable values WE ADD PERCENTAGE UNCERTAINTIES. Why is that?
Hey for a project, i have to build a sensor of any sort, and then make loads of measurements to see how accurate it is ect, what do you think would be a good sensor to build. it needs to be complex but not extreme! i am in 6th form takes A.s physics! any ideas would be greatfull.
thanks alex!
The question is "two operators A,B do not commute". Is it true that
([A,B]psi) does not equal zero for any state psi?"
I'm not sure if there are any cases in which a state psi could produce this result (except for the obvious one where psi = 0 and there is no particle).
Thanks
I need to calculate a spring constant using measurements from a Hooke's Law Apparatus, a spring, and some weights. Frankly, I have no idea what I need to do. I've taken the measure ments, and discovered the formula F=kx, where F=Force, k=spring constant, and x=the compressed distance.
I'm not...
This is my report on an experiment that I have done and I really needed the latex codes to generate the equations. I have done the other parts of the report on other PC.
Do they seem to be ok? (the errors, like the max possible value and min possible value)
no help is really needed, rather...
One problem in past climate models has been that the troposphere did not appear to be warming as much as expected. A new report in Science indicates that a correction factor should have been applied and was not. When the correction factor is applied, warming in the troposphere is observed. I am...
Hi, I just started my school year, and we're currently on Measurements. I need help with this one problem that my teacher assigned.
The biggest bottle ever made was 193 gallons (730,505cc). If the bottle were filled with water of a density of 1000 kg/m^3 at the leisurely rate of 1.8 g/min...
I'm just starting to learn about relativty, and I'm having trouble understanding it. Maybe someone could help? The first thing that I'm have trouble grasping is why would measurements of time/distance be dependent on an object's velocity relative to the speed of light?
Hi! I have to make a presentation about the usage of lasers in measurements, but I am not sure what I should include. I thought of something like using laser beams for measuring distances, but I don't know how exactly this can be done and what else can be measured with lasers. I'd be greatful if...
Is there a site that teaches how to do conversions of measurments. More specificly I need one that teaches coversion between different measurements like gallons to cubic inches or square feet to millimeters or grams to meters LOL if there is such a thing lol
Hello all
I need help with the following problem:
Two measuring sticks use the same unit but the scale on one stick has 635 marks per unit and the scale on the other stick has 465 marks per unit. Suppose the sticks are placed together so that the 0 mark on each scale line up. What is the...
I'm having difficulty with one problem and was hoping someone could help me out. Here's the problem:
Mercury is poured into a U-tube as in Figure P14.18a. The left arm of the tube has a cross-sectional area A1 of 107.0 cm2, and the right arm has a cross-sectional area A2 of 4.10 cm2. One...
The four bell states are
1: (|00>+|11>)(2)^-0.5
2: (|00>-|11>)(2)^-0.5
3: (|01>+|10>)(2)^-0.5
4: (|01>-|10>)(2)^-0.5
I'm looking at super dense coding and the way i thought of it at first was that if a measurement of the first qubit was made then if we consider the first bell state (1)...
In class today we had a brief lesson on vector addition. I understand how to calculate the resultant when given a magnitude and angle measurent for each vector, but my teacher gave me no other examples. I have tons of homework problems that do not give me this information, but I am expected to...
I need help converting feet to area or square feet for my horse stall. I have two stalls, each of which is 12' x 12'. I want to put a thickness of 2.25" of lime over the barn floor surface of these stalls. How many 50 lb bags would I need to buy? Can you show me the equation also? Thank...
Hi!
I'd like to make some half-life measurements on water based foams. I have only simple instruments for it. Can anybody help me? I don't know the exact method that how to make this measurement correctly. And I also need the mathematical apparatus for it. I've found an article where the...
Say you have two measurements of the same quantity:
t = 500 +- 20 +- 3
t = 600 +- 90 +- 10
where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.
What is the correct way of combining the systematic errors?
i.e., if I want to put both measurements together into
t = x +-...