Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, material world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena.The word nature is borrowed from the Old French nature and is derived from the Latin word natura, or "essential qualities, innate disposition", and in ancient times, literally meant "birth". In ancient philosophy, natura is mostly used as the Latin translation of the Greek word physis (φύσις), which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accord.
The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word φύσις by pre-Socratic philosophers (though this word had a dynamic dimension then, especially for Heraclitus), and has steadily gained currency ever since. During the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries, nature became the passive reality, organized and moved by divine laws. With the Industrial revolution, nature increasingly became seen as the part of reality deprived from intentional intervention: it was hence considered as sacred by some traditions (Rousseau, American transcendentalism) or a mere decorum for divine providence or human history (Hegel, Marx). However, a vitalist vision of nature, closer to the presocratic one, got reborn at the same time, especially after Charles Darwin.Within the various uses of the word today, "nature" often refers to geology and wildlife. Nature can refer to the general realm of living plants and animals, and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate objects—the way that particular types of things exist and change of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of the Earth. It is often taken to mean the "natural environment" or wilderness—wild animals, rocks, forest, and in general those things that have not been substantially altered by human intervention, or which persist despite human intervention. For example, manufactured objects and human interaction generally are not considered part of nature, unless qualified as, for example, "human nature" or "the whole of nature". This more traditional concept of natural things that can still be found today implies a distinction between the natural and the artificial, with the artificial being understood as that which has been brought into being by a human consciousness or a human mind. Depending on the particular context, the term "natural" might also be distinguished from the unnatural or the supernatural.
Hello,
I made a mistake in the title of this thread and this question is on general logarithms;
loga(aloga(x)) = loga(x) ==> aloga(x) = x
Can someone enlighten me on why loga(aloga(x)) simplifies to loga(x)? Can someone prove why this is true? Futhermore, why does this imply that...
This equation specifies displacement x in terms of motion time t (starting from rest).
x = \tau g\left(t + \tau e^{-t/\tau} -\tau\right)
where tau = m/b is the system time constant of a mass m suspended from a mechanical braking device with rectilinear damping constant b and g is standard...
Homework Statement
Ok, this is not homework, just something that's been bugging me and my tutor is unavailable(as usual) to help me. Why does increasing the mass of a system lower its natural frequency, like adding a concrete block to a washing machine. Come to think of it, I'm not even too...
How does
(ln(x))^(1/x)=ln(x^(1/x))?
A friend told me this was a true statement but could'nt prove it. If that isn't true, then how would you find the lim x->0 of (ln(x))^(1/x) using L'Hospital's Rule?
Shortly after the year 2001, to now, there have been more increasingly violent earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, tornadoes, etc... than in any other decade in history. I wanted to know if there is a natural, geological, and meteorological explanation for this. Not too long ago, there were Two...
1.
Consider an oscillating system of mass m and natural angular frequency omega_n. When the system is subjected to a periodic external (driving) force, whose maximum value is F_max and angular frequency is omega_d, the amplitude of the driven oscillations is
A=\frac{F_{\rm...
Hi All,
Been try at this for a week now and I know I'm missing something. I'm too far out of university to remember how to do it, but just close enough to know that I should remember.
Anyway, I have a steel can containing a mixture of liquidfied hydrocarbon gasses...
Is atheism incompatable with the concept of natural rights?
Most (or at least some) adherents to natural rights argue that human rights come from a god, or that there is an absolute morality that is the basis of natural rights. Atheists obviously do not believe in a god and most would...
1. Graphing Carefully: Sketch f(x)= 10(ln(ln(x))/ln(x) accurately using calculus, your calculator, or both to aid you. Make sure to include all vertical asymptotes, as well as local extrema
2. f(x)= 10(ln(ln(x))/ln(x)
3. OK. I might come across as stupid but here goes... I don't...
Homework Statement
lim(e-2x cosx)
x-> infinity
The Attempt at a Solution
I thought right away that the limit would not exist because of cos x oscillating the function between + and - but the answer in the book says zero. I need help figuring out why my thinking was incorrect.
Hello!
Question:
if it is asked to prove a statement A(n_1,...,n_k) for all natural numbers n_1,...,n_k, is it actually enough to check its truth by induction on just one of the counters, say n_1?
I have a theoretical question. Does a structure's natural frequency have anything to do with the highest frequency of which it can vibrate? Or can the structure vibrate in any multiple of the natural frequency (until it brakes...)?
I have just started to study resonance and I don't quite understand what it is. My textbook says:
"All objects vibrate with a characteristic "natural frequency". When an object is forced to vibrate at its natural frequency, the amplitude of its vibration can grow very large. This effect is...
Homework Statement
Prove that \binom{n}{k} is a natural number by showing that \binom{n}{k} is the number of sets of exactly k integers each chosen from 1, ..., n.
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I posted a similar question before...
Can someone explain to me how they get last line to work out?
I am confused on how they're using natural log with limit problems.
Thanks for the help!
:)
Homework Statement
(ln(1+e^x))^6
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
Honestly I haven't done this in 3 years and a friend asked me to help them with it. I'm at a bit of loss.
Q1)
If (x^5)-x = 8
then
x = e^(solve for this)
not sure, x*x*x*x*x-x = 8
help please
-
q2)
ln(3x)/x^2
dy/dx = [ ]-[ ]ln(3x) / x^3
or solve for dy/dx
I get
(x^2)*(dy/dx(ln(3x))) - ln(3x)*(dy/dx(x^2)) / x^2*x^2
=(x^2)*(1/x) - ln(3x)*2x / x^4
=...
Homework Statement
y and x are both close to 1.
ln(y) - ln(x) \approx (y-x)(lnx)'
Can someone explain me why this is true?
By the way, (lnx)' is the derivative of lnx, which is just 1/x
The Attempt at a Solution
I guess this is something to do with the taylor series of ln(x). I tried to...
Preparing for the math test, and cannot understand what to do for one of my practice problems:
I need to find if the series is convergent or divergent, using test for divergence (divergent if limit doesn't equal 0)
sigma from 1 to infinity of ln((n^2+1)/(2n^2+1))
I see that I should use...
When a forced oscillation is damped, it is true that the frequency at which resonance occurs decreases right? so does this mean that the natural frequency has decreased too or does it only mean that resonance does not occur at natural frequency when being damped?
You might be interested in this paper:
Jaramillo, P., W. M. Griffin, and H.S. Matthews. 2007. Comparative life-cycle air emissions
of coal, domestic natural gas, LNG, and SNG for electricity generation. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 41, No. 17, 6290-6296
You can download it here...
Let us define the charge of the down-quark, up-quark, and electron as
(-1/3, 2/3, -1)*3 or -1, 2, -3.
Let momentum in some closed one dimensional space be equated with electric charge. If momentum goes as n/wavelength where n = 1,2,3,..., the down quark has a charge of -1, wavelength equal...
Homework Statement
Prove by induction that \binom{n}{k} is always a natural number.
Homework Equations
The problem requires that we use the fact that
\binom{n+1}{k}=\binom{n}{k-1}+\binom{n}{k}\tag{1}
The Attempt at a Solution
Well, the first part of this question requires a...
Homework Statement
lnx+ ln(x-1) = 1
solve each equation for x
Homework Equations
ln(e^x) = x
e^lnx = x
The Attempt at a Solution
x + (x-1) = e^1 [==> using ln(e^x) = x]
from this point on, I am stuck because I am having trouble isolating x because of the x that is in the brackets...
Please look into this site
http://knol.google.com/k/alex-belov/paradox-of-classical-mechanics-2/1xmqm1l0s4ys/9#
The experiment 2 animations
This is animation based on classical mechnics laws
http://mysite.verizon.net/vze27vxm/sim.gif
This is animation based on theory of...
Homework Statement
Show that the natural logarithm is not subadditive.
You could use ln(1/2+1/3)\leqln(1/2)+ln(1/3), but mathematicians view all such numerical evidence as an invalid proof.
Homework Equations
ln(a+b)\leqln(a)+ln(b)The Attempt at a Solution
ln(1/2+1/2)\leqln(1/2)+ln(1/2)
Well...
Homework Statement
10(1 + e-x)-1=3
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I'm supposed to solve for x, but I don't know how to go about this. I tried dividing the 3 by the 10, but after that I don't know what to do. I believe I should use ln on both side, but that's after...
Homework Statement
I need to use MATLAB to solve these problems.
http://users.bigpond.net.au/exidez/IVDP.jpg
Homework Equations
MATLAB
The Attempt at a Solution
a)
R1=3.6;
R2=R1;
C1=33*10^-6;
C2=22*10^-6;
% defining the polynomial constants
Vs=[R1*R2*C1*C2...
Homework Statement
Find all the natural domain of the function algebraically, and confirm that your result is consistent with the graph produced by your graphing utility.
h(x) = 3/2-cosx
Homework Equations
(a) h(x) = 3/2-cosx
(b)x2-1/(x+1)
The Attempt at a Solution
Do I need to...
ok.
some rant about definition and semantics.
integers are isomorphic ordered pairs of natural numbers (a,b) w/ equivalence relation (a,b)=(c,d) iff a+d=b+c.
reals are convergent sequences of rationals,
etc.
in mathematics, are integers simply isomorphic to the ordered pairs of...
Hi everybody!
I'm a complete newbie here, but I was hoping somebody might be able to help me out with understanding Rayleighs Energy Method and how to calculate the static deflections/natural frequencies.
I am basically looking for the first and second modes/natural frequencies of a 2 mass...
In class we defined convergence as
\forall\varepsilon>0\;\;\;\exists\mathrm{N}\epsilon\mathbf{N}\;\;\;\forall\mathrm{n}\geq\mathrm{N}\;\;\;\left|a_{n} \right|<\varepsilon
So if a sequence {a_n} of real numbers converge to 0 if for every ε > 0 there is N s.t. |x_n| < ε for n ≥ N...
Is the...
Homework Statement
Find the sum of the series, if it converges, of
n=1 to infinity of ln(n/(n+1))
The Attempt at a Solution
My intuition tells me the series converges because as n goes to infinity the series is taking the log of 1, which is 0. How to sum it though... I have no...
than other skills?
At least, that's the general impression I've seen people keep. If you see the best basketball player, it's just hard work and dedication, and people tend to think you could become one of them if you put enough effort and dedication. But if you hear someone singing...
Homework Statement
Prove that every Natural number is either even or odd.
Homework Equations
Mathematical Induction
Even: n = 2k where k is an integer
Odd: n = 2k + 1 where k is an integer
The Attempt at a Solution
I think I have a relatively complete proof, however, it doesn't...
Hi
How do you calculate the natural frequency and vibrational response of a space frame and what is its damping characteristic? What are all the aspects to take into considerations and how do you analyse failure due to vibration?
Thanx
What does the natural frequency of an object depend on?
Whenever I try to look this up, I usually read that the natural frequency depends on "intrinsic" properties or a "variety" of factors. Is the natural frequency independent for each object/is there any universal factor the natural...
Hello
I was talking with someone bout natural vs supernatural when it relates to something such as ID and one thing that seems to be a hurdle is , are they mutually exclusive or not?
Is there a book or website that does a good job discussing it?
I know that there is a year old thread that has just been resurrected that is slightly on this topic, but I had a question that I thought might merit a new thread.
I'm working with my Calculus book here, and I'm working on the chapter called, "Logarithmic Functions from the Integral Point of...
I have a transformer in a box that is cooled using natural convection. There are louvered openings on the box to pull cool air in the bottom and let heated air out of the top. How do I determine how much heat is actually leaving the enclosure? Info that I have is the area of the enclosure, the...
im confused as to what the integrals and differentials of log and ln are.
i looked up the derivative of log x and it said it was 1/x
so then the integral of 1/x should be log x but i thought it was ln x
im so confused!
please help me
just say
integral of log x
differential of log x...