What is Organic chemistry: Definition and 260 Discussions
Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties and reactions of organic compounds, which contain carbon in covalent bonding. Study of structure determines their chemical composition and formula. Study of properties includes physical and chemical properties, and evaluation of chemical reactivity to understand their behavior. The study of organic reactions includes the chemical synthesis of natural products, drugs, and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study.
The range of chemicals studied in organic chemistry includes hydrocarbons (compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen) as well as compounds based on carbon, but also containing other elements, especially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus (included in many biochemicals) and the halogens. Organometallic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon–metal bonds.
In addition, contemporary research focuses on organic chemistry involving other organometallics including the lanthanides, but especially the transition metals zinc, copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium and chromium.
Organic compounds form the basis of all earthly life and constitute the majority of known chemicals. The bonding patterns of carbon, with its valence of four—formal single, double, and triple bonds, plus structures with delocalized electrons—make the array of organic compounds structurally diverse, and their range of applications enormous. They form the basis of, or are constituents of, many commercial products including pharmaceuticals; petrochemicals and agrichemicals, and products made from them including lubricants, solvents; plastics; fuels and explosives. The study of organic chemistry overlaps organometallic chemistry and biochemistry, but also with medicinal chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.
After promoting one of the electrons in the 2s orbital, the 2s orbital and two of the 2p orbitals undergo hybridization to form three sp2 orbitals, leaving the other 2p orbital unhybridized. But why is the hybridization necessary? Isn't the three 2p orbitals sufficient to form three identical...
Homework Statement
Modern organic chemistry is the study of:
a) only molecular compounds
b) only petrochemicals
c) only natural molecules
d) molecules of carbon
The Attempt at a Solution
I think the answer is c) because organic chemistry looks at molecules of (dead) plants...
and why is biochemistry important in medicine?
I kind of know why, but i can't find that much information so I am stuck and i need a bit of help if anyone could help me?
Ive read that organic chemistry serves as a basis of biochemistry and biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in...
This is a general Organic Chemistry question. How do the reactivities of the following compare?
Acyl Chlorides, Esters, Anhydrides, Amides, Ketones, Aldehydes
The Attempt at a Solution
I know the following "ladder:"
MOST REACTIVE
acyl chloride
anhydride
ester
amide
LEAST...
Homework Statement
I am given isobutane as my starting material, Br2 and benzoyl peroxide as my radical initiators. My final product is the isobutane with Br attached instead of H.
I have to design the mechanism. I have tried what seems like an endless combination of mechanism attempts...
Hey guys,
I have a quick question.
I signed up to take Organic over the summer trying to get in all the pre-reqs for a 2+4 Pharm-D program. I would really like to do well in this class and was wondering is there anything I should review or any good study habits or methods I can use to ace...
Homework Statement
I am trying to figure out what is produced from the reaction of sodium borohydride and methyl benzoate. How would you name it? I am really bad at nomenclature...
Homework Equations
NaBH4 + C6H5COOCH3The Attempt at a Solution
My result is bascially methyl benzoate, but...
Homework Statement
Draw and name all of the structural isomers of hydrocarbons with the formula C6H12 (cyclohexane).
2. Relevant information
This is "only" a grade 11 Chemistry Assignment, therefore I only really need the basics when it comes to isomers- not some of the more complex...
Homework Statement
I have a benzene ring with one methyl group attached and 1-butyne as the two reagents. The final product is a combinination of both into one molecule with the alkyne group in the butyne becoming an oxacyclopropane and the first carbon in the alkyne becoming attached to the...
Organic Chemistry!
Ok so I've been looking absolutely everywhere and cannot find an example to go by ANYWHERE... how in the world does a mechanism work for the synthesis using the catalyst potassium tert-butoxide?? The reactant is 2-bromo-3-methyl-butyl-4-benzene. Any hints at all would be...
I'm only a high school junior, but I am debating on whether to take AP Chemistry in senior year or wait till the first/second year of college (it's required either way).
However, I have a pretty odd situation since I took pre-AP Chemistry over the summer (not my own school's) and everyone...
this isn't exactly an specific question but a general one. I know that weak bases make good nucleophiles but how do I determine what bases are the weakest, what is weak enough to be considered a "good nucleophile" I'm a little confused please help thanks a lot!
Homework Statement
Find the major organic product B of http://www.webassign.net/userimages/kasandbe/CH221_ssii_02/CH221_exam2_ssii_02_7a.gif
(with ethanol at 0 degrees Celsius)
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I thought that since it is a SN1 reaction the -OTs would...
Organic Chemistry question!
How do you write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that can occur between p-toluidine and hydrochloric acid?? and is benzoic acid a polar or non-polar molecule overall??
I was wondering does bromide react with propanol or propanal at all?
Also, what answers do people get for this question, i say it either propanol or propanal as i don't know if either reacts with bromide and both would be a suitable answer.
The question is:
Compound A has a molar mass...
Homework Statement
Two protons have different pKas: 3.50 and 4.25. The molecule is 2-bromo-3-nitrophthalic acid (if I'm naming it correctly). Assign the correct pKa to each proton.
http://uploader.ws/upload/200805/pkablank.jpgHomework Equations
A lower pKa means a stronger acid, which means...
Hello
I am taking organic chemistry I and II this summer and our required text is by Solomons, is there a nice book that you guys recommend to replace/supplement this text?
I am a math student and it appears that the orgo books follow the same trend as calculus books (Stewart, Larson, etc..)...
Homework Statement
please check PDF
Homework Equations
none
The Attempt at a Solution
I have no idea how to attempt this problem set. The instructor had this insane idea that if he gave us questions that we've never seen/dealt with before that he'd be doing a better job...
I'm a bit confused about what alkyl groups are in organic chemistry. I thought functional groups by definition where groups of atoms which contained at least 1 element other than carbon or hydrogen which were connected to the carbon skeleton of the molecule.
What are alkyl groups then? I read...
I just learned octane numbers in organic chemistry a few days ago, and I'm extremely confused about it. From what I understand, the octane number indicates resistance of a motor fuel to knock, and "knock" is the tendency for the fuel to detonate before hit by spark. Is there an easier way to...
[SOLVED] Organic Chemistry
Which about benzene is true?
1. It has alternating single bonds and double bonds.
2. All C-C bonds are of the same length.
3. It is more stable than a hypothetical cyclohexatriene.
4 1 and 3
5. 2 and 3
I said 5, but it also has alternating...
[SOLVED] Lewis Reaction Questions (Organic Chemistry)
Homework Statement
1) H2C=O + CH3NH2 <-----> ?
2) CH3(C=O)-CH2(C=O)-OCH3 + CH3O(-) <-------> ?
3) CH3CH2CH2-COOH + Na2CO3 <------> ?The Attempt at a Solution
1) My Answer: CH3NH2 is the lewis base and H2C=O is the lewis acid. Nitrogen...
The question/direction is to: "Draw the structure of the following compound!"
2-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)octane
I tired several different ways of constructing this compound but the online homework program ACE Organic says that:
I don't know what to do or what I am missing. If anyone can...
Hi everyone,
I bought the book online, so now I'm waiting for its delivering. But I have to submit the homework assignments for credit. Could anybody who have the Organic Chemistry of Bruice 5th edition, please post the question of these problems for me? Thank you soooooooooooooo much ...
I came across this question and I don't understand how to approach it.
Write balanced equations to show the formation of each of the following compounds. Name the reactants in each case and show clearly the removal of the water molecule.
a) butyl propanoate
b)propyl methanoate
I don't...
1)Give a chemical test that can be used to distinguis between separate samples of propanone and propanal. Give a suitable reagent for the test and describe what you would obsrve with propanone and with propanal.
2) Outline the reaction of propanone with the following reagents. Give the...
Homework Statement
What is the product when 1,1,4,4-tetra D cyclohexane
is treated with SO2Cl2
The Attempt at a Solution
I'm confused whether Cl will replace D or H (it must replace anyone of them)
Homework Statement
Hi all,
In a sodium borohydride reaction, one of the hydride in BH4- will attack the ketone, and the O- in the ketone will bond with the BH3. This would continue until all the hydride ions are used up.
My question is..what would be the driving force that makes the...
Homework Statement
This is a problem taken from an old exam:
C. Which set of pKa’s is correct?
1. CH3COCH3 -7.0 2. CH3COCH3 -19.0
CH3COOH 4.8 CH3COOH -4.8
HCl 19.0 HCl 7.0
3. CH3COCH3 4.8...
Hi,
I'm encountering organic chemistry for the first time in high school and am finding it quite exciting. I'm using Morrison and Boyd as the text. I was wondering if you could test me with a few synthetic problems or product prediction that will challenge my understanding and application? I...
hello, ok i will get straight to the point i don't get the following questions:
Indicate the following type of reation that is taking place, and also give an example.
a) Alkyl halide to alcohol
b) Alkyl halide to alkene
c) alkyl halide to alkyne
d) alkene to an alcohol
i tried a), i got...
Say we have a mixture of 10 mL of methane and propane. For a complete combustion, we need 41 mL of O2. Calculate the composition of the mixture in terms of volume, if atmospheric temperature and pressure are constants.
The equations are:
CH4 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
C3H8 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
I...
Need help with organic chemistry lab!
Hi, I've performed an experiment involving the oxidation of cyclohexene to adipic acid and I want to make sure if I got the products correct. I first prepared a solution of cyclohexene and potassium permanganate in water. Then I added sodium hydroxide. Then...
Write balanced equations to show the formation of each of the following compounds. Name the reactants in each case, and show clearly the removal of the water molecule.
a) butyl propanoate
b) propyl methanoate
Im not exactly sure how to answer this question... below are pics of the...
Discuss the difference in the reactivity between the following pairs of compounds :
1. Benzene and phenol with bromine
2. 1-hexanol and 2-hexanol with chromium trioxide in acid
3. ethylamine and acetamide in dil HCl
4. Sodium methoxide and sodium tert-butoxide with 1- bromopropane
Thanks
Are the answers I got correct?
http://img162.imageshack.us/img162/4007/untitled6kq1.png
What I got:
1. a.
http://img162.imageshack.us/img162/2193/1a3bp.png
1. b.
http://img81.imageshack.us/img81/4995/1b9ov.png
http://img84.imageshack.us/img84/4194/515oo.png...
Hello guys and girls. I am writing to you all today in hopes that someone out there will be able to help me with my problem. I am asked to synthesize the molecule camphor starting merely from acetly-CoA and Acetic Acid. This must be done in a biological manner. Ie. The Co-A group will be...
The most stable conformation of trans-1-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexane is the one in which:
A- the tert-butyl group is axial and the methyl group is equatorial
B- the methyl group is axial and the tert-butyl group is equatorial
C- both groups are axial
D- both groups are equatorial
E- the...
Hi
Me and my friends have been cracking our heads over this question:
Why does PhenylEthene solidify when exposed to air?
Me and my friends have come up with an explanation:
The oxygen in the air oxidises the phenylethene to a diol. The hydrogen bonds existing between the molecules...
OK my question asks:
Provide and briefly explain 3 examples of how organic chemistry can be used to improve existing products and thus provide solutions to newly identified health of environmental problems.
I am having trouble thinking of these. I got one so far which is unleaded instead of...
there are a million answers to this, but what comes to mind as some of the biggest ones?
I have to research a few of these, preferably something has has improved existing products to make them better for our health/the environment.
One big one is unleaded instead of leaded gasoline.
Any...
Hi
What are the necessary and sufficient conditions for a compound to give a positive Haloform Test (Iodoform test for instance)?
Is it necessary to have a CH_{3}CO- group or is it necessary to have a XCH_{2}- group where X is some group? Is the occurence of a CH_{3}CO- group a sufficient...
Hi,
I want to know what happens when a mixture containing aldehyde(s) and ketone(s) is introduced to a mixture of formamide HCONH_2 and formic acid HCOOH.
Do both aldehyde and ketone react? Or does only one react?
Eagerly awaiting a response...
Thanks and Cheers
Vivek