A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors, hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder.
Hi all I have a question which came up in one of our physics class and thought you can help out :)
It is not homework!
The objective is to calculate the volume and pressure of the air coming out of the following experiment:
Imagine a huge piston and cylinder. The surface of the piston...
Homework Statement
Air is contained in a vertical cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston and a set of stops. The cross sectional area of the piston is 0.05m^2. The air, which is initially at 0.21 MPa and 430 C, is cooled as result of heat transfer to the surroundings. Assuming that during...
An ideal gas is contained in a piston-cylinder arrangement. The walls of the cylinder and the piston itself are "adiabatic", i.e. no heat energy can be exchanged between the piston-cylinder and its surroundings. The piston experiences friction as it moves. All the heat generated by the...
I found this engine amoung the many on the web from inventors out there. Essentially this person adapted a can combustor onto an inline cylinder engine with turbos. Below I pasted the description from the site. What are your thoughts on this one...
hi, thank you for taking the time to read my post,
im looking at how to convert the force from a piston moving at approximately 1 meter per hour into electrical power via generator, any ideas appreciated
the piston will be slow moving but generate an extremely large force, its a question...
Hi All,
First off, everyone on this forum is amazing. Period.
Second, I had a thought experiment the other day that was interesting and was hoping you could comment on it:
The System:
Imagine an infinitely long hollow cylinder in one direction, made of a metal (perhaps aluminum). At the...
Homework Statement
A vertical cylinder with a heavy piston contains air at 285 K. The initial pressure is 3.25 105 Pa, and the initial volume is 0.425 m3. Take the molar mass of air as 28.9 g/mol and assume
CV = 5/2R.
(a) Find the specific heat of air at constant volume in units of J/kg...
Homework Statement
Find the constant Torque being applied.
We are given a diagram of a piston engine, along with the masses of piston, flywheel and rod connecting the two. I know that the expanding gas in the piston does 4 kJ of work. I know that at the beginning of each rotation the engine...
Hi,
Can someone explain the lubrication mechanism for a piston in a typical automotive internal combustion engine? If the walls in the piston chamber are coated with oil, the lubricant should also burn along with the petroleum during the combustion phase (leaving problematic residues), so, is...
Homework Statement
Piston mass: 0.25kg
Stroke (distance between extreme positions): 9cm
4500rev min-1
(a)Calculate acceleration of piston at maximum displacement
(b)Calculate velocity as piston moves past its equilibrium point
(c)What is the net force exerted on the piston at maximum...
Homework Statement
Figure P1.30 (attached) shows a gas contained in a vertical piston-cylinder assembly. A vertical shaft whose cross-sectional area is 0.8 cm2 is attached to the top of the piston. Determine the magnitude, F, of the force acting on the shaft, in N, required if the gas...
Dear Experts,
The car moves basically because of the energy from the explosion that happens in the cylinder which pushes the piston whose reciprocal motion turns the wheels.
Does the explosion caused by the ignition of gas and air mixture lead to the exhaust gas dirtying the inside of the...
3.A cylinder/piston arrangement contains 5 kg of water at 100°C with x = 20% and the piston, mP = 75 kg, resting on some stops. The outside pressure is 100 kPa, and the cylinder area is A = 24.5 cm2. Heat is now added until the water reaches a saturated vapor state. Find the initial volume...
An adiabatic piston of mass m...
Homework Statement
An adiabatic piston of mass m equally divides a diathermic container of volume V and length l. A light spring connects the piston to the right wall. In equilibrium pressure on each side of the piston is P. The container starts moving with...
Homework Statement
A piston is seated at the top of a cylindrical chamber with radius 5 cm when it starts moving into the chamber at a constant speed of 3 cm/s. What is the rate of change of the volume of the cylinder when the piston is 2cm from the base of the chamber?
Homework...
Homework Statement
No need to include the figure, it's pretty much a piston sitting on some stops.
Homework Equations
Errmm...none I think
The Attempt at a Solution
My question is in regards to part c, and then part e. I know that in state 2 it's a superheated vapour...
The problem given says: A cylinder has a cross-sectional area of 0.02 m^2. How much work is done by a gas in the cylinder if the gas exerts a constant pressure of 7.8x10^5 Pa on the piston, moving it a distance of 0.06 m?
I figured I needed to find the work, but I didn't have the force...
OK very crude first sketch let me try to explain and you tell me if it sounds remotely workeable.
Likemany other eco nuts after the holy grail of energy, I'm trying to brainstorm a low cost solar CHP system. I'm of the opinion that passive solar is always going to win on a BTU/$ collected and...
Homework Statement
Two pounds of air contained in a cylinder expand without friction against a piston. The pressure on the back side of the piston is constant at 200 psia. The air initially occupies a volume of 0.5 ft3. What is the work done by the air in ft-lbf if the expansion continues until...
Homework Statement
If the cross-section of the barrel of a pump is 5 square centimeters, the stroke of the piston is 20 centimeters, and the volume of the receiver, in which the air is drawn from, is 1 liter, calculate the ratio of the pressure of the air in the receiver to the original...
Homework Statement
The piston has a displacement of 10 cm and there are 50 cycles per second. Calculate the average acceleration that occurs between the start/stop point and the middle of the cycle. This value has to do with evenly accelerated movement. This can be described according to the...
We are designing a foot pedal mechanism to actuate two hydraulic pistion pumps.
But the torque to actuate a pump is more than 50In-lbs at full stroke. In addition, a
spring is used to make the control shaft of a pump return to its neutral position.
Totally the torque to actuate a pump is...
I think that we may try to simplify free piston engine and it may look just like hollow cylinder
made of very heat resistant material in which big cylindrical permanent magnet is moving back and forth horizontaly.The most heat resistant magnets could withstand temperatures up to 800°C (curie...
A student exerts a steady force on the piston of her "master cylinder" and observes that it moves downward 3.2 cm as 10 ml of fluid moves into the "slave cylinder" and lifts a 500 g mass. She then reverses the roles of "master" and "slave" and places the 500 g mass on the piston of what...
I am wanting to form an equation I can use on excel that allows me to find how far the piston has gone down depending on how many degrees the crankshaft has turned. I know the length of the stroke but I also know that the stroke is not linear to the degrees turned, as in the stroke goes farther...
Homework Statement
Consider the simplified single-piston engine
in the figure. The piston rod oscillates in
simple harmonic motion. The wheel of radius
1.89 m rotates at a constant angular speed of
6.7 rad/s.
(my own paint version of the figure)
If the piston is fully extended at time t = 0,
find...
Homework Statement
A piston in an automobile engine is in simple
harmonic motion. Its amplitude of oscillation
from the equilibrium (centered) position is
±6.87 cm and its mass is 1.472 kg.
Find the maximum velocity of the piston
when the auto engine is running at the rate of
3220...
Homework Statement
Suppose the system is at room temperature, 300 kelvin, and that before we put weights on top of the plunger in the cylinder the pressure inside is 1 atmosphere.
1)If i place a .5kg block on top of the piston, what is the pressure of the gas inside the cylinder?
2)At that...
This came up in class today and based on the equations it makes sense, but logically I can't get my head around this.
Let's say we've got a hydraulic system with two pistons:
Piston 1: 2cm2
Piston 2: 12cm2
Piston 1 moves a distance of 21cm, which according to A1D1=A2D2 means that Piston...
Homework Statement
A piston cylinder device with a spring attached initially contains 0.02m^3 of R-134A at 50C. A valve connected to the cylinder is opened and 20kg of R-134A enters the device from a supply line at 800kPa and 80C. The spring is compressed and the piston moves up. The process...
how can i find pressure or force in piston cylinder if i have...
crank speend=5000rpm
crank shaft throw=42mm
piston diameter=95mm
piston gudgeon mass=500g
i know cylinder diameter=bore...
is crank throw=stroke?
Homework Statement
Working through 5.17 problem in Bedford 5th edition (Engineering Statics) p214
"The hydraulic piston AB exerts a 2000 N force on the ladder at B in the direction parallel to the piston. Determine the weight of the ladder and the reactions at C."
piston between A and B on...
Homework Statement
Piston 1 in the figure below has a diameter of 0.31 in.; Piston 2 has a diameter of 1.7 in. In the absence of friction, determine the force vector F necessary to support the 500 lb weight.
Homework Equations
F1/A1=F2/A2
The Attempt at a Solution
I used...
Hope someone is able to assist. I have been musing about generating greater
efficiencies in ICEs and pose the following:
* Consider the exhaust phase of an internal combustion engine (diesel or gasoline)
in which the exhaust stroke is pushing hot gases and particulates out of a simple valve...
Freinds,
I have to design and simmulate a pneumatic piston cylinder, and want to calculate force profile of piston with time. please help me in this regard, also please tell me any simmulation software simmulating pneumatic piston cylinder.
Hi,
I am industrial automation engineer,I am 52 years old and I am from Romania.
I would love to talk with you about "ROTARY MACHINE WITH ECCENTRIC PISTON" ,I like to say:"rotary piston"
I asked the name "Rotary Piston" but the Patent Office has given the name:"ROTARY MACHINE WITH ECCENTRIC...
Homework Statement
a piston of mass M is attached to a cylinder made from thermal insulation. There is no friction between the piston and the cylinder. At first, the cylinder is placed horizontally and n mol of an ideal gas of monatomic molecule at the same temperature To and the same pressure...
Homework Statement
A cylinder is equipped with a smoothly movable piston which is connected by a spring to the bottom of the cylinder as shown in the figure. An ideal gas of 0.1 mol is confined in the space on the left side of the cylinder at a temperature of 300 K. The atmospheric pressure is...
I have already asked the question of piston diameter size and efficiency in an earlier thread but i'll recap.
My question was that is it true that the larger diameter piston have a larger propensity to overcome the mechanical loss of fricition due to the piston rings contact with the mating...
Hello everybody,
I have kind of a philosophical question about vacuum and piston. I know this does not work in the real world because, of imperfection in seals and lack of "real vacuum", but here it goes.
If you have a tube which is closed in one end, open in the other end, and 100% rigid...
Homework Statement
A piston in an automobile engine is in simple harmonic motion. Its amplitude of oscillation from the equilibrium (centered) position is ±4.73 cm and its mass is 1.733 kg. Find the maximum velocity of the piston when the auto engine is running at the rate of 4380 rev/min...
Homework Statement
645 J of heat is transferred to 0.185 mol of air inside a cylinder with volume 0.40 L. The air is at initial pressure is 3.00E6 Pa and temperature 780K.
Find the final temperature if the cylinder volume is allowed to increase while pressure remains constant.Homework...
Homework Statement
Ok the problem I have been set has a frictionless piston containing steam at 200kpa at 200 degrees c and it is originally at 0.5m^3. It has a linear spring above it just touching and exerting no force. Heat is added and the gas expands pushing the cylinder up and causing the...
Homework Statement
A vertical cylinder contains 500 moles of a monatomic ideal gas and is
closed off by a piston of mass 50 kg and a cross-sectional area of 100 cm2. The whole system is thermally insulated during the entire process described below. Initially, the piston is clamped in...
Hi, I have an assignment due tomorrow and have been working for hours and hours on it, and have done all of the questions pretty much, except for these 2 parts of questions, since it is due tomorrow morning if someone can help me out that would be great! Here they are:
1.Consider a system...
Homework Statement
A piston/cylinder combination contains R-134a at x=1 and 1318.1 kPa. Find the exact phase it is in, the temperature, and specific volume.
1. The piston is then pulled up in an isothermal process until the distance from the bottom of the cylinder is doubled. Construct the...
Homework Statement
Imagine a hydraulically operated dentist's chair having a mass of 200kg, and in it is stiing a 54.8kg patient. The large piston below the chair has 5cm(diameter), while the small piston, moved by a pedal on which the dentist steps, has 1cm(diameter). What's the pressure in...
The purpose is to investigate the relationship between the cylinder diameter and the range of motion of a piston in a hydraulic system.
The teacher didn't give any initial of final position at all, so I think the teacher means in general.
Homework Statement
What is the displacement of the...