Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.
Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and U.S. customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Considering the angular momentum of a collapsing star preventing it from resulting in a black hole by degeneracy pressure, are there ekpyrotic universe models that include angular momentum and degeneracy pressure as key factors of cosmic inflation?
Homework Statement
One mole of an ideal gas is warmed slowly, so that the pressure and volume go from (Pi, Vi) to (3Pi, 3Vi), in such a way that the pressure is analogous to the volume.
a) What's the Work (W)?
b) What is the correlation between the temperature and the volume during that...
Hi
Please have a look on the attachment. Suppose that a 0.1 kg rubber ball having velocity of 60 m/s is moving between two walls A and B, and the distance between the walls is 1 m. It is having elastic collisions with the walls.
Let's focus on what is happening at wall B. The ball is moving...
Homework Statement
In a container we have a gas, at P = 11.0 atm & T = 20.0 C. We remove 2/3rds of the gas and increase the temperature to T = 75.0 C.What's the pressure of the gas that remains?
Homework Equations
PV = nRT
The Attempt at a Solution
Normally this would be a regular "put...
Hi,
The air pressure at the surface is about 1,00,000 N/m2.
It means that on average, a virtual column of air one square meter [m2] in cross-section, measured from sea level to the top of the Earth's atmosphere, has a mass of about 10,000 kilograms and weight of about 1,00,000 Newtons. That...
I'd like to explore water pressure by having students build water towers out of both 2-liter bottles and thinner 1 liter bottles.
1. Assuming they build towers of the same height and fill them with the same type of water, we should see the same water pressure for identical heights within the...
I am currently new in this forum and just a senior high graduate, so pardon me if I have some errors in writing this questions.
I have a cylindrical pressure chamber with approximately 80 cm in diameter and the length of 1.5 m and metal wall 1 cm in thickness. I know most pressure chamber have...
A container of water is sitting on a scale. I dip my finger into the water without touching the sides or bottom of the container. Is it true that the force exerted on the scale by the container will decrease because the finger creates a downward force?
A body is reentering the Earth's atmosphere at a Mach number of 20. In front of the body is a shock
wave. Opposite the nose of the body, the shock can be seen to be normal to the flow direction. Determine the stagnation pressure and temperature to which the nose is subjected. Assume that the air...
I read in some scripts that equilibrium constant for an ideal gas is not a function of pressure:
But that is not generally true!
Since:
$$\left (\frac{\partial \Delta_{R} G}{\partial p} \right )_{T,\vec{n}}=\Delta_{R} V$$
and
$$\Delta_{R} G^{0}=-RT\cdot \ln K$$
it should be:
$$\left...
As per wikipedia, dynamic pressure is nothing but the expression of kinetic energy of unit volume of a fluid in motion. That's applicable to gases too. Question is, when a fluid is passed through a convergent and/or convergent-divergent nozzle, then its speed towards a specific direction...
Hi guys,
I know the difference between these two things but I'm struggling with something that I hope someone could help me with.
What dictates the water pressure needed for a "system" to work? I would imagine that if you've calculated your system to have a pressure drop of 1 bar (for...
Okay, my topic doesn't really ask a question but it is surprising to me that the old criteria of 273.15K and 760 torr are still being reported as the standard and very few websites have the "new" criteria of 750.06 torr.
Are scientists, webmasters, etc. usually this slow at adopting changes...
I am making a small project at home for my solar panels. I have made a similar project when I was in school but I can't remember the equations.
I want to attach an air compressor to a tube then install it on top of a solar panel, and pinch a few holes in it to clean the dust that accumulates...
On airplanes - do you know of a container or bag that will stops individual bottles with liquid from leaking/ exploding from the changes in air pressure?
Homework Statement
E = 290 GNm-2
Yield Stress = 500 MPa
Q. What pressure would a strain of 40 με indicate?
Homework Equations
Hoop Strain. εθ = 1/E (σθ − νσz) = 1/E (pr/t − ν(pr/2t). The Attempt at a Solution
I am looking for some direction on how to determine the poisson ratio...
In "Sado Adachi" book "Properties of Group-IV, III–V
and II–VI Semiconductors" page 222, he reported that "both εs and ε∞ decrease almost linearly with increasing pressure", however i was not able to find any empirical formula to describe these relationship for materials InAs, InP, InSb, where...
Homework Statement
I need to find the amount of H2 being lost to water by being stored underneath a column of water. About 16 mL of H2 is made and it displaces the column by 16 cm. However the total amount of water is 30 ml/30 cm. I'm not sure which relationship to use to find the pressure of...
Hey All,
I have a plastic vessel fully filled filled with an incompressible fluid (Water), at some time this vessel is impacted and crushed on one side (say 5% of the initial volume is lost).
Only, I know the volume isn't lost, the fluid (being incompressible) will exert pressure on all...
Hello, my questions is not so much homework, but a request for a definition. When we use Cv*dT to solve for dU (internal energy) in a constant pressure example, what is the order of the temperatures entered into dT?
Is one to assume its final temp minus initial temp? I ask because it leads to...
Homework Statement
Suppose a tube is filled with helium gas at a pressure of 0.11MPa and a temperature of 297K. If a piston of area of 400mm2 at one end of the tube creates sound by moving sinusoidally with a frequency of 60Hz, creating a wave with amplitude of 3.8mm,
what power goes into (I'm...
Homework Statement
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
i have done the first two parts but the third part confuses me
i am assuming the current is flowing in the z direction then current is parallel to the magnetic field then why would there be a force acting on it ?[/B]
How much air pressure, from six 1inch in diameter pipes, would it take to lift something no more then 250 pounds about six to twelve inches off the ground?P.S. This is a personal question not, homework.
I have been involved in a fairly furious debate about a fluid dynamics experiment regarding the pressure of air passing through a tube attached to a moving car. It is similar in concept to the issue of whether or not an opening in an aeroplane fuselage would suck people out, where the opening...
I was wondering, if cooled sodium or rubidium atoms behave as bosons, can they also occupy the same space?
I tried to google a bit, but as usual, articles throw letters like ##\beta##, ##s##, ##\lambda##, ##g## around without bothering to at least give them a name so I could search deeper. I...
Hello,
I am calculating pressure drop through a pipe using CFD, which will be validated with hand calculations and experiments for a project. When I take results from my software, I can either take the pressure at a specific point (assume the centreline of the pipe) or I can take an average...
recently my neighbors and I have been awakened by a loud noise that sounds like something is being released under high pressure. An intense vibrating sound that lasts 30-45 seconds. We live across the steet from a soda manufacturer and down the road from a natural
Gas transfer station. Both are...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
AV = AV
P + 1/2*p*v^2 + pgh = P + 1/2*p*v^2 + pgh
The Attempt at a Solution
For a.) ... divide 3 by 0.1 because of (AV = AV) = 30 ms-1. answer is right.
For b.) I am stuck on this one. I tried using the 2nd relevant equation above but i can't seem to...
The condensate drain from a steam condenser is expected to be about 50 deg C. It's only 38 deg C or so. There's a mix of steam and non condensable gases coming into the condenser. Its pressure seems slightly higher, being about 0.25 bar abs instead of 0.2 bar. What does it indicate? Also, no...
Here is what I want to know specifically: if I replace my 5cm wide rear tire with a 6.25cm wide tire, how much can I increase the inflation pressure to obtain the same comfort?
I realize "comfort" is not a quantifiable measurement, maybe shock absorption characteristics is better. Perhaps it...
Hi all. I am new to this site and I would like to verify the following calculation. Is it correct to do it this way? Please advise. Thanks.
Hydraulic Press: 15 tons (Enerpac RC1510)
Gauge Max Pressure: 10000 psi
Actual Gauge Reading: 2500 psi
Actual pressure (tons) = (2500/10000) X 15 tons =...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
Radiation pressure i.e.R.P is the instantaneous pressure exerted by radiation on a perfectly absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation vector of the radiation.
Maxwell has shown that R.P = u , (1) where u is energy density
R.P = F/A, (2)
F...
Hey guys, so I stumbled across this, and I'm kinda confused on how do they get the sign convention of the value. I've attached the figure and also the soil pressure for better reference. Take for example at C, how do they get the minus and positive sign convention? Thanks a bunch.
P/S : Please...
Hi!
I wonder what pressure is when there are no walls.
The reason for me wondering this is that gas pressure actually is defined by change of particle momentum, like
p=\frac{F}{S}=\frac{1}{S}\frac{dp}{dt}=\frac{1}{S}\frac{d2mv}{dt}
So how can there be pressure without change of momentum...
I was looking online for some solution to my question, and they varied from explaining it using potential energy to pressure equalization between the floor of the liquid between the bases. I still cannot seem to find my groove with this one. Tackling the pressure explanation, someone said that...
I have a relatively simple design problem but my memories of thermodynamics are very rusty and I can't figure it out on my own.
To make it short, I want to put a mix of solid, water and air in a 500mL pressure vessel and heat it all up to 250'C for several weeks. T and P are at room conditions...
Hi,
As per my observation and experience, when we use evaporative cooler to cool the inlet air to the gas turbine, the compressor discharge pressure (i.e PCD or P3) rises. As, the temp. of the inlet air drops and the mass flow increases due to the increase in density, I believe the discharge...
How do you account for the conservation of momentum for a photon? Specifically, if you have light traveling in a medium where the refractive index is not constant. For example, a graded index multi mode fiber optic.
So here is another diagram to help articulate my question. Inside this graded...
I am a non technical innovator trying to develop a new product. Can someone help me calculate pressure drop and flowrate across a cylinder packed with uniform spheres of 10mm diameter.
I found this online but unable to calculate...
Homework Statement
The volume displacement in a car engine is 2000 cm3. During the power stroke, the mean pressure inside the cylinder is 15 bar.
Compute the work performed by the engine in one revolution.
Compute the engine's power assuming it runs at 3000 rpm.
Homework Equations...
Hello,
I'm studying dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) at atmospheric pressure. I'd like to have some references on highly collisional sheaths in radio-frequency discharges. I know the treatment becomes very complicated and one usually uses kinetic simulations, but nonetheless I'd like to see...
Assuming that the temperature in the tire suddenly rises.
My question is that would that cause the contact surface area between the tires and the floor increase, decrease, or stay the same?
(given that the volume of air in the tires is a constant and cannot be changed)
Also, why?
Let's say we would take a pipe made of some very strong material, and connect it to the ocean at the deepest level possible. For example 500 meters.
Then we would dig a huge area on land, again, as deep as possible. Lead the pipe to the lowest level of this huge basin we created and then use...
Hey,
Let's imagine I have a tank, filled with air at atmospheric pressure. This tank have a closing/opening valve.
I dive this tank at 100m under water and opened ce valve, my filling speed will be sqrt( 2*g*h) with h=100m.
Now, if i want to dive the tank (with a volume X) continuously at a...
I'm trying to understand som basic rifle bullet physics regarding pressure inside the gun barrel. For no particular reason I'm comparing the .308 and 30-06 cartridge. When reading specs on the two I get confused. They both have maximum pressure levels around 415 MPa, but how can that be when the...
Hi,
I have a 12(W)x18(L)x1m concrete tank installed underground and it will be subjected to pressure of 0.5bar.
To test the tank for leaks, instead of pressurizing the tank using pumps or air blower, my supplier suggests we use a 1 inch hose with 1 end connected to the top of the tank...
Hi everyone
I'm having trouble with solving an exercise in statistical physics. I need to argue why the average number of particles with a velocity between ##v## and ##v+dv## that hit a surface area ##A## on the container wall in a time interval ##\Delta t## is $$N_{collision}=v_{x}A\Delta t...
If you are stationary say 10m below the ocean surface does the water pressure at your location vary with the waves.
For example:
When a wave crest is above you than means perhaps 12m of water is above you.
Then a few seconds later a trough is above you so only 8m of water is above you.
So you...