Section Definition and 733 Threads

The section sign, §, is a typographical character for referencing individually numbered sections of a document; it is frequently used when citing sections of a legal code. It is also known as the section symbol, section mark, double-s, or silcrow.

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  1. Kara386

    I Calculating Cross Section for ZZ* to Electrons/Muons: Issues & Solutions

    If given the cross section for ZZ* to two leptons, is it possible to work out the cross section for ZZ* to just electrons or muons from it? So excluding the tau decay mode, unless ##ZZ^{*} \rightarrow \tau + \tau## can't happen anyway? I'm guessing it wouldn't just be two thirds of the ##ZZ...
  2. Math Amateur

    I Standard Free Right R-Module on X - B&K Section 2.1.16

    I am reading An Introduction to Rings and Modules With K-Theory in View by A.J. Berrick and M.E. Keating (B&K). In Chapter2: Direct Sums and Short Exact Sequences in Section 2.1.16 B&K deal with the standard free right ##R##-module on a set ##X##. I need some help with understanding an aspect...
  3. A

    Solving Truss Equations: Find Force in Members EA, EF and EG

    Homework Statement Find force in members EA, EF and EG given the loads shown. A and G are pinned supports. Homework Equations Three equations of equilibrium for sections (method of sections) 2 equations for any node (method of joints). I also used the dimensions to decompose member forces. The...
  4. Math Amateur

    MHB How Do You Interpret Rowen's Notation in Matrix Rings?

    I am reading Louis Rowen's book, "Ring Theory"(Student Edition) ... I have a problem interpreting Rowen's notation in Section 1.1 Matrix Rings and Idempotents ... The relevant section of Rowen's text reads as follows: In the above text from Rowen, we read the following: " ... ... We obtain a...
  5. Math Amateur

    MHB Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - Bhattacharya et al - Ch. 2, Section 1

    I am reading the book, Basic Abstract Algebra by P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain, and S.R. Nagpaul ... ... and am currently focused on Chapter 2: Integers, Real Numbers and Complex Numbers ... I need help with an aspect of the proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic in Section 1.3 ... ...
  6. P

    Difference between second moment of area and section modulus

    Hi everyone! Please help, I have spent some considerable time to understand the two concepts and still this is nagging at me... I am relating to Structural Engineering, just to let you know guys. My question is .. Moment of inertia is about distribution of mass, the further away from the axis...
  7. P

    Elastic Section Modulus vs Moment of Inertia

    Hi everyone! Please help, I have spent a considerable time to understand the two concepts and still this is nagging at me... I am relating to Structural Engineering, just to let you know guys. My question is .. Moment of inertia is about distribution of mass, the further away from the axis the...
  8. Brendan Webb

    Select an Economical Beam Section for Moment Requirements

    If the unbraced length of a beam is 3 m and the maximum bending moment in this unbraced segment is 312 kN-m, and also the maximum moment in the braced segment of the beam is 350 kN-m, select an economical section just based on the moment requirements. Use Table A.2M included in the course...
  9. Math Amateur

    MHB Why Is the Set {ras | r, s ∈ R} Not a Two-Sided Ideal in Noncommutative Rings?

    I am reading Dummit and Foote's book: Abstract Algebra ... ... and am currently focused on Section 7.4 Properties of Ideals ... ... I have a basic question regarding the generation of a two sided principal ideal in the noncommutative case ... In Section 7.4 on pages 251-252 Dummit and...
  10. kontejnjer

    Moller scattering polarized cross section

    Homework Statement [/B] (Note: this is not strictly homework, but it is related to one course I'm doing, and I can't find a useful solution anywhere) Find the analytical expression for the scattering cross section of two longitudinally polarized electrons at tree level. Homework Equations...
  11. zihao yu

    A Discover the Cross Section of η′→γγ and Its Calculation Methods

    Is there any measure for cross section of η′→γγ? Or has anyone did the calculation??
  12. M

    Why Is My Electron-Positron Scattering Cross Section Calculation Incorrect?

    Homework Statement I have a problem in calculating cross-section in elektron-positron -> muon-antimuon scattering. Homework Equations In the relativistic limit, we find the differential cross-section of {e}+{e^-} -> {μ}+{μ^-} is \frac{d\sigma}{d\Omega}=\frac{\alpha^2}{4s}*(1+cos^2{\theta})...
  13. Math Amateur

    MHB Projective Algebraic Geometry - Exercise 6 in Section 8.1, Cox et al

    I am reading the undergraduate introduction to algebraic geometry entitled "Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms: An introduction to Computational Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra (Third Edition) by David Cox, John Little and Donal O'Shea ... ... I am currently focused...
  14. Math Amateur

    Projective Plane ... Cox et al - Section 8.1, Exs 5(a) & 5(b)

    Homework Statement I am reading the undergraduate introduction to algebraic geometry entitled "Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms: An introduction to Computational Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra (Third Edition) by David Cox, John Little and Donal O'Shea ... ... I am currently...
  15. Math Amateur

    MHB Help with Projective Algebraic Geometry - Cox et al Section 8.1, Exs 5(a) & 5(b)

    Projective Algebraic Geometry - the Projective Plane ... Cox et al - Section 8.1, Exs 5(a) & 5(b) I am reading the undergraduate introduction to algebraic geometry entitled "Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms: An introduction to Computational Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra...
  16. Math Amateur

    Projective Plane - Cox et al - Section 8.1, Exercise 4(a)

    Homework Statement I am reading the undergraduate introduction to algebraic geometry entitled "Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms: An introduction to Computational Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra (Third Edition) by David Cox, John Little and Donal O'Shea ... ... I am currently...
  17. Math Amateur

    MHB Projective Algebraic Geometry - Exercise 4(a) Cox et al - Section 8.1

    I am reading the undergraduate introduction to algebraic geometry entitled "Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms: An introduction to Computational Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra (Third Edition) by David Cox, John Little and Donal O'Shea ... ... I am currently focused on...
  18. Math Amateur

    MHB Help with Exercise 3(c) in Cox et al's Projective Algebraic Geometry

    I am reading the undergraduate introduction to algebraic geometry entitled "Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms: An introduction to Computational Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra (Third Edition) by David Cox, John Little and Donal O'Shea ... ... I am currently focused on...
  19. Math Amateur

    MHB Peter Needs Help on Cox et al - Section 8.1, Exercise 3(a)

    I am reading the undergraduate introduction to algebraic geometry entitled "Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms: An introduction to Computational Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra (Third Edition) by David Cox, John Little and Donal O'Shea ... ... I am currently focused on Chapter...
  20. Safinaz

    I How to estimate this cross section

    Hi all, Do any has an idea how to give a rough estimation for this process's cross section: g g -> H -> h h, (h -> b b~), ( h -> b b~) ? where h is SM Higgs and H is a heavy Higgs boson with BR (H > hh) ~ Gamma (H > hh) ~ 10^-3 GeV and sigma (g g > H ) ~ 10 pb .. When I calculated it by...
  21. Safinaz

    I How to know the cross section in this Figure

    Hi all, Do anyone familiar with these analysis of cross section ? I wonder how to find the cross section of ( p p ## \to \gamma \gamma## b b~) (blue region) in the opposite plot, the y-axis is the number of events divided by 100 GeV with luminosity = 100 ##\mbox{fb}^{−1 }##.. The Fig. from...
  22. P

    What is the shear flow equation for the lower horizontal bar in a hat section?

    Homework Statement I've a problem with defining x function for the lower horizontal bar on the left hand side. Is it shear flow for this part = Vx/Iy * 3 * s^2 * 0.5 (after integration) ? Or should I take whole x part on which is acting force Vx? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
  23. S

    Cross section change and failure of tube

    Hey, working on something for a personal project and was wondering if you could point me in the right direction. I have a 47 inch hollow steel tube that I'm going to cut the end 6 inches into a half circle tube . I have a load of 200 lb at the top and am wondering how about I would quickly...
  24. Math Amateur

    MHB Ideals in Q[x, y] .... Cox, Little and O'Shea, Chapter 1 Section 4

    I am reading the undergraduate introduction to algebraic geometry entitled "Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms: An introduction to Computational Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra (Third Edition) by David Cox, John Little and Donal O'Shea ... ... I am currently focused on Chapter 1...
  25. S

    Bernoulli equation related to minimum pressure inside train

    Homework Statement The train is traveling in a gallery at ##v=70 km/h##. Outside air is not moving and pressure is ##p_0=101325 Pa## and temperature ##T=283 K ##. The area of the face of the train is ##A=9 m^2##. Determine the minimum area of the section of the gallery such that the pressure...
  26. qnach

    Jackson classical electrodynamics section 9-6

    I am not sure what does Jackson want to talk in section 9-6? Is that just a review of something discussed previously? Chapter 9 is talking about radiation, and later about multipole expansion.
  27. H

    I Determine if an equation describes a conic section

    Given an equation, we can determine which type of conic section it describes by calculating ##d=B^2-4AC## (see attachment). However, the theorem demands that the equation describes a conic section. So how do we show that it does? Does there exist a counterexample where ##B^2-4AC<0##, but it is...
  28. prashant singh

    I Section formula, external ratio

    I want to know how mathematician got the idea of external division , how they can say that a point can divide a line externally, what's the reason behind this discovery . Why they discovered it.
  29. Math Amateur

    I Tensor Algebras - Dummit and Foote, Section 11.5

    I am reading Dummit and Foote: Abstract Algebra (Third Edition) ... and am focused on Section 11.5 Tensor Algebras. Symmetric and Exterior Algebras ... In particular I am trying to understand Theorem 31 but at present I am very unsure about how to interpret the theorem and need some help in...
  30. Math Amateur

    MHB Tensor Algebras - Dummit and Foote, Section 11.5

    I am reading Dummit and Foote: Abstract Algebra (Third Edition) ... and am focused on Section 11.5 Tensor Algebras. Symmetric and Exterior Algebras ... In particular I am trying to understand Theorem 31 but at present I am very unsure about how to interpret the theorem and need some help in...
  31. Math Amateur

    MHB Extension of Scalars: Dummit & Foote's Section 10.4 Q&A

    I am reading Dummit and Foote's book: Abstract Algebra ... ... and am currently focused on Section 10.4 Tensor Products of Modules ... ... I have a basic question regarding the extension of the scalars ... Dummit and Foote's exposition regarding extension of the scalars reads as...
  32. Math Amateur

    I Extension of scalars .... D&F, Section 10.4: Tensor Products

    I am reading Dummit and Foote's book: Abstract Algebra ... ... and am currently focused on Section 10.4 Tensor Products of Modules ... ... I have a basic question regarding the extension of the scalars ... Dummit and Foote's (D&Fs) exposition regarding extension of the scalars reads as...
  33. Math Amateur

    I Free Groups - Dmmit & Fooote - Section 6.3

    I am reading Dummit and Foote's book: Abstract Algebra ... ... and am currently focused on Section 6.3 A Word on Free Groups ... I have a basic question regarding the nature and character of free groups ... Dummit and Foote's introduction to free groups reads as follows: In the above text...
  34. Math Amateur

    MHB Free Groups - Dummit & Fooote - Section 6.3

    I am reading Dummit and Foote's book: Abstract Algebra ... ... and am currently focused on Section 6.3 A Word on Free Groups ... I have a basic question regarding the nature and character of free groups ... Dummit and Foote's introduction to free groups reads as...
  35. P

    Difference of B-10(n,2a)H-3 cross section in ENDF/B

    In the research,it is found there is significant difference of B-10(n,2a)H-3 reaction cross section between ENDF/B-V and ENDF/B-VI (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/).The cross section in ENDF/B-V is 10 times less than ENDF/B-VI when neutron energy...
  36. Math Amateur

    MHB Theorem 6.10 in Knapp's Basic Algebra: Exploring Bilinearity & Descending Maps

    I am reading Anthony W. Knapp's book: Basic Algebra in order to understand tensor products ... ... I need some help with an aspect of Theorem 6.10 in Section 6 of Chapter VI: Multilinear Algebra ... The text of Theorem 6.10 reads as follows: The above proof mentions Figure 6.1 which is...
  37. Math Amateur

    I Tensor Product - Knapp, Chapter VI, Section 6

    I am reading Anthony W. Knapp's book: Basic Algebra in order to understand tensor products ... ... I need some help with an aspect of Theorem 6.10 in Section 6 of Chapter VI: Multilinear Algebra ... The text of Theorem 6.10 reads as follows: About midway in the above text, just at the start...
  38. Math Amateur

    MHB Tensor Product - Knapp, Chapter VI, Section 6

    I am reading Anthony W. Knapp's book: Basic Algebra in order to understand tensor products ... ... I need some help with an aspect of Theorem 6.10 in Section 6 of Chapter VI: Multilinear Algebra ... The text of Theorem 6.10 reads as follows:https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/5391...
  39. stoky

    I Airflow rate through a rectangular section

    I need to mount several rectangular orifices or sections on a wall with those two factors: - 20 Pascals differential pressure (negative pressure inside) - Inlet air speed 1100 feet per minute (5.58 meters per minute) I've got the section of each window, and the air caudal to renovate. I would...
  40. Math Amateur

    MHB Dual Vector Space and Dual Basis - another question - Winitzki Section 1-6

    I am reading Segei Winitzki's book: Linear Algebra via Exterior Products ... I am currently focused on Section 1.6: Dual (conjugate) vector space ... ... I need help in order to get a clear understanding of an aspect of the notion or concept of the dual basis \{ e^*_1, e^*_2, \ ... \ ... \...
  41. G

    A Pp total cross section and asymtotic freedom

    Hi! On page 12 of http://pdg.lbl.gov/2009/reviews/rpp2009-rev-cross-section-plots.pdf one can see the total cross section increasing beyond a certain treshold. At higher energy protons (and their quarks) have a shorter wave length and so they can become closer an closer and the strong force...
  42. Math Amateur

    A general 2-form - Colley Chapter 8, Section 8.1

    I am reading Susan Colley's book: Vector Calculus ... and am currently focussed on Section 8.1: An Introduction to Differential Forms ... ... Colley, on page 491 in Example 3 gives a formula for a general 2-form as follows:I am trying to understand what Colley describes as 'the somewhat curious...
  43. Safinaz

    Higgs production cross section

    Hi all, I try to find the exact calculated gluon- gluon fusion cross section for the SM- Higgs with mass 125 GeV, for instance at CME = 14 TeV. I found on twiki page: " https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/LHCPhysics/CERNYellowReportPageAt1314TeV#s_14_0_TeV " ##\sigma(gg \to h) = 49.47~ pb##...
  44. S

    Peskin and Schroeder - page 4 - spin and cross section

    In chapter 1 of Peskin and Schroeder, the reaction ##e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow \mu^{+}\mu^{-}## is studied in detail. The related following paragraph is taken from page 4 of Peskin and Schroeder: Both the electron and the muon have spin ##1/2##, so their spin orientations must be specified. It is...
  45. ORF

    What causes a plateau in the cross section of neutrons?

    Hello It seems to me that the nuclei have a flat elastic scattering cross section of neutrons, for neutron energies from eV to MeV. http://www.nuclear-power.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Elastic-Scattering-Cross-section-light-elements-min.png I thought that maybe it was caused because the...
  46. Math Amateur

    MHB Basic equation in Vector Space - Cooperstein Exercise 1, Section 1.3

    I am reading Bruce Cooperstein's book: Advanced Linear Algebra ... ... I am focused on Section 1.3 Vector Spaces over an Arbitrary Field ... I need help with Exercise 1 of Section 1.3 ... Exercise 1 reads as follows:Although apparently simple, I cannot solve this one and would appreciate...
  47. MathematicalPhysicist

    Question 17 in section 2.9 in Schutz's A First Course in GR

    The question is as follows: Prove that any timelike vector for which ##U^0>0## and ##\vec{U}\cdot \vec{U} = -1## is the 4-velocity of some world line. I need to show that there exists a 4-vector ##\vec{x}##, s.t ##\frac{d\vec{x}}{d\tau} = \vec{U}##, where ##\vec{x}## is a world line of some...
  48. S

    Relation between cross section, scattering angle and KE?

    I'm trying to figure our the relation between cross section, scattering angle and KE? I'm doing a few exercises where I've been given kientic energy and scattering angle and have to calculate the cross section. Cross section is in units of Barns (m2), and KE is 1/2 kg*m2*s-2, but I can't seem...
  49. Math Amateur

    MHB Propositional Logic - Derivations and Trees - Chiswell and Hodges, Section 3.4

    I am reading the book Mathematical Logic by Ian Chiswell and Wilfred Hodges ... and am currently focused on Chapter 3: Propositional Logic and, in particular, Section 3.4: Propositional Natural Deduction ... I need help with understanding an aspect of Example 3.4.3 which reads as...
  50. Math Amateur

    Thread: Artinian Modules - Cohn Exercise 3, Section 2.2, page 65

    I am reading P.M. Cohn's book: Introduction to Ring Theory (Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series) ... ... I am currently focused on Section 2.2: Chain Conditions ... which deals with Artinian and Noetherian rings and modules ... ... I need help to get started on Exercise 3, Section 2.2...
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