If $${\tmmathbf{r}}$$ and $${\tmmathbf{s}}$$ are piecewise smooth paths, which have the same graph, then they are said to be equivalent paths.
They either trace out a set of points in the same direction, or in the opposite direction.
If they trace out a curve $${C}$$ in the same...
I know this has been asked before, but I am a little more curious about my specific case. I am a freshman at the University of Tennessee, and I have a W on my transcript for French from the fall semester. This semester, I took a one hour class called 'matrix computations' which is a very lite...
Homework Statement
If A and B are two operators such that
[A,B] = λ , where l is a complex number, and
if μis a second complex number, show that:
exp[μ(A + B)] = exp(μA)exp(μB)exp(- λμ^2/ 2).
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I'm stuck on where to begin. I know...
Is it possible that the value of Pi is related to the properties of the spatial dimensions of our universe? Could another universe with different properties see circles differently and arrive at a different value for Pi? After all, Pi is determined based on ratios determined within our own...
Reason I posted this in the maths help forum is that an equation of this form randomly popped up in a homework I was doing on differential geometry. I started with a one-form ω=dβ (β is a scalar function) and found that if for a random vector v, ω(v) = 0, then
\frac{d}{dt} \left(...
Well as the topics says I need a clarification why do we need the so called boundary conditions?
I have seen it in electostatics, magnetostatics etc.
I tried in many ways to get that stuff into my head, but its just only banging my head not getting into.. I really wana know what is that and...
I am a little confused about the meaning of pH, especially when you have a basic solution. I know that pH = -log[H^{+}] , but I don't understand how you can have a pH for a basic solution. Don't basic solutions only produce hydroxide ions?
I know that pH + pOH = 14 but why this equation be...
Hi!
As I understand it, Quantum Information Theory is an attempt to apply the Classical Information Theory (i.e 0's and 1's) into the Quantum realm of superpositions.
I recently came across a fascinating interpretation of QIT wherein it was described as possibly the law that effectively...
Homework Statement
Given that a 95% confidence interval (or 0.05 significance level, α=0.05) for population proportion p is (0.11, 0.17), which statement is true regarding the hypotheses:
(null hypothesis) H0: p = 0.15
(alternate hypothesis) H1: p ≠ 0.15
a) Reject H0 at α = 0.05
b)...
Hi folks,
I have what I think is quite a basic question, but I'm looking for options.
So, I have data that consists of a set of numbers (this is not a set theory question) - each number can be ascribed to one of two groups (the source of the number). Now, I have knowledge of the source...
I recently came across the NS millennium problem and I read that uniqueness for the NS equations is unknown. I have two questions.
First question, if solutions are found to be non-unique, would the NS equations have to be corrected?
Second question, since uniqueness is unknown, if someone...
Hi,
I was searching the forum about comparing continuous probability distributions and came across this post back in 2005.
"You could make two variables X(t) = value of the "true" disrtibution (expensive simulation) at point t and Y(t) = value of the alternative dist. (practical simulation)...
Homework Statement
Let y = s(t) represent the number of students who have contracted measles at time t (days). Give an interpretation for each condition:
e) s' = 0, s" > 0
The Attempt at a Solution
This seems counterintuitive to me, to think that the second derivative is also not...
Homework Statement
why we do use commutation?
what is physical difference between commutators and Poisson Brackets?
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
Hi, could someone please explain the equation to me (its significance, application and the how the equation itself works) in simple terms? I find most other resources too complex for me to digest. I hope this is not too much to ask.
please let me know what is a significance of lorentz factor,and what will happen if lorentz factor is not multiplied in the time equation of lorentz transformation.
i know that del.v=divergence of vector v
and del x v=curl of vector v
can anyone justify for the same? how dot product is physically connected to divergence property?
vaccine may contain attenuated microorganisms, killed microorganisms or toxoids.
Certain vaccines contain attenuated forms or killed forms or toxoids.
For example, in case of cholera, rabies, hepatitis B, Japanese encephalitis, we use killed form. Why can't we form attenuated forms here? Is...
Homework Statement
You wish to test whether or not a coin is fair, so you toss it 400 times and obtain 225 heads. Test the null hypothesis that the coin is fair and balanced against the alternative that it is not. Use the 5% significance level.
a.) Identify(using symbols) the null and...
Significance of "En-route" Masters?
I am a first year Ph.D. student in Optical Science & Engineering. I have a B.S. Physics (Honors). I started doing research in Jan. of 2009. I started the Ph.D. program in Jan. of 2011. Currently I am still doing research for the same Prof. I started with in...
Though I've learned gauge transformation for a while, I can't figure out why it is significance in describing fields? For example, why electromagnetic tensor has to be gauge invariant? What does it physically mean?
Can anybody tell me the significance of the band origin for a P(Q)R structure in the ultraviolet region of a molecules spectrum?
In standard vibrational spectra, I understand that its roughly the harmonic frequency of the oscillator, and that the rotational constant can also be found from...
Well, we basically did a lab where we found the formula of Copper(II) Sulfate xHydrate (Found it was Penta after the calculations), and I've come to the final question of my lab. "What is the significance of finding the formula of a Hydrate." I really have no clue to be honest, and was hoping...
Dear Colleagues,
I would like to submit to your court the article in which we attempt a physical analysis of living matter. Biology is a very difficult field for physics as a result errors are very likely. We would appreciate guidance on possible errors.
Prokhorenko DV and Matveev VV. The...
The difference between Enthalpy and Heat transfer is the term vdP as
dH-dQ=vdP
What is the physical significance of the term vdP? :rolleyes:
Wherever an article describes the difference between enthalpy and heat transfer, it is stated that heat transfer and enthalpy are same at constant...
I have a Question:
When the imaginary unit, i, is factored with time, t, in the Lorentz Transformation, or when the Hamiltonian is factored (as when Dirac created his Creation and Annihilation Operators,) and i is factored with the momentum, p, the iFactor is always factored with time, energy...
Instead of using a sieve to remove non-primes from the sequence.
6x-1 x =0 to x=n
6x+1 x=0 to x= n
What if you calculate and remove the non-primes. I have determined how to calculate the non-primes in this set. By subtracting them from the entire set you are left with all primes. I find this...
lets say i have a plane equation x + y + z =6
then i know the normal vector is 1 ,1,1 right?
but what does the 6 tells me on the RHS of the equation?
since it is essentially ()x + ()y + ()z, where () is any point on the plane
1)does it mean that i can fit anything into the () as...
"For low power transistors (under 1 W), the current gain is typically 100 to 300. High power transistors (over 1 W) usually have current gain of 20 to 100." — Electronic principles by Malvino
I want to understand why the current gain is high for low power transistors and why it is low for...
I have three question regarding the electronic wavefunction \Psi
Ques 1 What does value of wavefunction of any orbital signify ? Is it just a mode of calculating
other quantities like probability amplitude etc. or does it have a significance in itself ?
Ques 2 What does the...
So i am almost 3/4 through elementary analysis but i seem to be unable to comprehend the basic definition of convergence of series
this is how the defn goes.
A sequence (sn) is said to converge to a real number s provided that
for each ε > 0 there exists a number N such that n>N implies |sn...
Does the mathematical exp (Fa-dp/dt).dr = 0
Fa being applied force, p being momentum, dr being virtual displacement
simply mean that the mechanical system will be in equilibrium if the constraint forces do no work?
Can someone elaborate on what a dynamic equilibrium means and how it...
Hello, everyone. Please excuse my English since its not my native language.
I'm a college freshman about to major in Physics (shifting from M. E.) and while in M. E. I've had this problem of playing computer games in between classes with my peers. Many times I would think of refusing but since...
I've just done a textbook exersize to calculate (H,x) and ((H,x),x) for H= p^2/2m +V.
Having done the manipulation, my next question is what is the significance of this calculation. Where would one use these commutator and double commutator relations?
I understand how the formulas for classical electron radius are derived.. but what significance does the classical radius really carry?
Obviously it's not really the size of the electron. So what does it mean?? Thank you for any help... Sorry, I'm new to this stuff.
As the title suggests, what is work? Or, what is the physical significance of work?
My textbook define work as crossproduct of force and displacement.
But why do we need that quantity?
i do not understand what is the physical significance of wavenumber.
i have a plot with wavenumber on x-axis and count on the y axis.
what does the plot mean, how can i relate to a practical example. please help
This pertains to the quantum mechanics of angular momentum, so I'll ask it here:
If operators A and B commute, does it follow that
(i.) all of A's eigenvectors are eigenvectors of B and vice versa,
or that
(ii.) merely some of them are?
According to Gillespie (see below) the...
Using t-tests to get "trials until significance"?
Hi all,
I am stumped on how to achieve this with the data I have. My PI thinks there is a way, but I can't seem to find it. We want to see whether we should go ahead with this experiment or if it will take too much time.
Basically, I have 2...
Hi
I would just like to ask a few questions bugging me.
1. Why do we regard a photon as having no-rest mass. Is the fact that a photon is 'never' at rest enough of a reason.
2. Why don't we take the photon into consideration when dealing with the gamma factor.
3. Our most sensitive...
Homework Statement
what is the physical significance of wavelength (not the definition)?
Homework Equations
suppose,
in photodetectors (like avalanche or p-i-n photo diodes) incident light having more wavelength,
penetrates more in the diode (particularly in depletion region : )...
Various chemical formulae for the composition of superconductors quote the oxygen content, ie the number oxygen atoms present, as say Osub(10-delta). I would like to know the significance of delta.
Homework Statement
What is the significance of Fermi Temperature?
Homework Equations
I know it is the ratio of the Fermi energy (or the chemical potential at the Fermi energy) to the Boltzmann constant.
The Attempt at a Solution What does it MEAN? I've worked out the Fermi...
Hi, I'm not sure how to word my question, so I will just state it upfront.
What is the importance of \upsilon = \sqrt{2gh} in physics?
I've seen it in escape velocity problems, though with an R instead of h. I've seen it with conservation of momentum applications, and it's similar to PE...