Thermal equilibrium Definition and 103 Threads

The above diagram shows the problem description. I have to find the final temperature distribution after thermal equilibrium. I am assuming that the thermal energy is conserved but not the temperature.(Correct me if I am wrong) Energy of the materials at initial state is (Refer Image) For...

"Linear" Potential and Thermal Equilibrium Homework Statement Consider a classical particle moving back and forth along the x-axis while restrained by a "Linear" potential V(x) = b|x|. If the particle is in thermal equilibrium with the environment at temperature T, calculate the mean value...

Homework Statement You cool a 100g slug of red-hot iron (temperature 745 degrees C) by dropping it into an insulated cup of negligible mass containing 85g of water at 20 degrees C. Assuming no heat exchange with the surroundings, what is the final temperature of the water? Homework...

I solved the problem and have the correct answer just not sure about something. Question:What will be the equilibrium temperature when a 274 g block of copper at 317°C is placed in a 137 g aluminum calorimeter cup containing 829 g of water at 13.0°C? So heat lost by copper = heat gained...

In wikipedia it says: "Thermal equilibrium is a theoretical physical concept, used especially in theoretical texts, that means that all temperatures of interest are unchanging in time and uniform in space." But isn't temperature defined because of the thermal equilibrium concept? It's defined...

hay guys, A three-dimensional harmonic oscillator is in thermal equilibrium with a temperature reservoir at temperature T. Finde The average total energy of the oscillator I have no idea, how can I solve this problem, can you hint me please:rolleyes:

For example, I place a simple steel cube weighting 1 kg in a room [filled with air] at 20C [room temperature]. - how fast would the cube heat up to 20C (yes, actually equilibrium would be a bit lower than 20C, but lets.. imagine that is is a infinitely large room and .. yes, you get it ) ? Yes...

I want to calculate the time it takes for a spherical sample (radius, r) to reach thermal equilibrium in an oven where the temperature is held constant. I don’t need a super accurate answer, within 5-10 seconds is sufficient. Is it reasonable to simply say that when the Fourier Number (Fo) is...

Note : My syllabus only go until thermal equilibrium in 2 objects , i am wondering what will happen and how to calculate if there are 3 substances in contact. So i formed a question on my own hoping it can be solved. *my teach refused to show me calculations saying it is unrelevant to exam...

Temperature describes thermal equilibirum. How?

0.03 kg of ice and 0.18kg of water are initially in equilibrium at 0 degree celcius in a container. Steam at 100 degree celcius is then passed by in until all the ice melted. The final temperature of the mixture as measured is 25 degree celcius. How much water is in the container in the final...

One mole of an ideal gas undergoes an isobaric expansion to reach thermal equilibrium with a surrounding heat bath. In doing so, it expands by a factor of two in volume. The internal energy of the gas is described by, U=3/2RT. Calculate the resulting change in entropy of the gas, the heat bath...

As I understand it, thermodynamics indicates that heat will dissipate from hotter parts of a system to cooler parts. This is why, for example, it is impossible to harness latent heat to create energy if there is no heat-sink to move the heat from relative warmth to cold. What has me puzzled is...

Hello In Zemansky's book there is this definition of thermal equilibrium: "Thermal equilibrium exists when there is no spontaneous change in the coordinates of a system in mechanical and chemical equilibrium when it is separated from its surroundings by diathermic walls. In other words...

Can one say a body which has the conditions above mentioned be in thermal equilibrium? How does one apply the definition of temperature equilibrium to this situation? (Physically I think it's possible for a body to be in this situation if some part of it receives heat from the outside and...

Homework Statement I need to calculate dS/dU for a solid when then system is in thermal equilibrium. Na=100 Nb=10 U=20e Homework Equations I rearranged the equation to find that Ds/Du=kb(1/omega)(dOMEGA/dU) The Attempt at a Solution I am not sure how to go about this because I...

Hi, In astronomical observatories, the cupolas and their building walls are painted in white in order to reflect sunlight and not absorb too much warmth during the day. This minimizes the difference between internal and external difference when night falls. However, in some observatories...

Homework Statement A 2kg block of ice initially at T = −20 ◦C is put in contact with a very large amount of liquid water at T = 0 ◦C (by “very large amount” we imply that by the time ice and water reach thermal equilibrium, there will still be some liquid water left). Ice and water can exchange...

I am reading the book The Early Universe by Kolb and Turner and found the following: "In the strictest mathematical sense the universe cannot be in thermal equilibrium, as the FRW cosmological model does not possesses a time-like Killing vector". It is just a matter of calculations to show...

Homework Statement A 0.5kg piece of ice(water) at an initial temp of -65 degrees Celsius is placed inside a well-insulated container with 3.0 kg of tea at an initial temp of 20 degrees Celsius, and the two are allowed to come to thermal equilibrium( the tea can be treated as water with respect...

Homework Statement A nano particle consisting of four iron atoms (object 1) initially has 1 quantum of energy. It is brought into contact with another nano particle, consisting of two iron atoms (object 2), which has 2 quanta of energy. The mass of one mole of iron is 56 gram. a...

Homework Statement A 1.5 m3 tank containing air at 35°C and 750 kPa is connected by a valve to another tank containing 8.25 kg of air at 65°C and 265 kPa. Now the valve is opened and the entire system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, which is at 25°C. Determine...

Homework Statement In a sample of GaAS at T=200k, we have experimentally determined that n0=5p0 and that Na=0. Calculate n0,p0, and Nd. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Have solved that ni for GaAS at 200k is 1.2687cm-3. And using the mass action law equation...

Homework Statement When you mix 0.5kg of ice which has an initial temperature of -65 celsius with 3.0kg of water which as an initial temperature 20 celsius, at what temperature do both substances come to thermal equilibrium? Answer: 1.2 Celsius Homework Equations q=mc[Delta]T...

Homework Statement Consider a well-insulated horizontal rigid cylinder that is divided into two compartments by a piston that is free to move but does not allow gas to leak into the other side. Initially, one side of the piston contains 1 cubic meter of Nitrogen (N2) at 500 kPa and 80 degrees...

Homework Statement 50 grams of brass shot are heated to 200C° and dropped into a 50-g aluminum cup containing 160-g of water. The temperature of the cup and water are 20 C°. what is the equilibrium temperature. Homework Equations mcΔT=mcΔT The Attempt at a Solution I've...

Hello physicists, I'm trying to understand thermal equilibrium, I used to know that a body is in thermal equilibrium if it has a uniform spatial temperature distribution. This definition couldn't hold up after I knew that stars emit black body radiation, i.e. stars are in thermal...

Can anyone explain that how the ice's temperature is zero degree and water's temperature is 80 degree are mix and their final temperature is zero degree if the both ice and water has the same mass? Where: mc(delta T) of water = (mc(delta T) + mL ) of ice the result for final...

Why is it that the object with the heavier mass influences the final temperature (once the two objects in contact have achieved thermal equilibrium)? For ex. a copper block (4 kg) at 0 degrees and an aluminum block (1 kg) at 100 degrees...in this case, the final temp ends up lower (36 ish...

(This is not a homework question...it's a theoretical question based on an experiment that was conducted.) If you have an aluminum block and a copper block of equal mass, but the copper block is 100 degrees C and the alum. block is 0 degrees C, they reach roughly 30 degrees C at thermal...

Hi Just wondering if I could have a bit of help on this question. Thanks in advance! 3) 100 g of steam at 150_C and 1 kg of water at 20_C are placed together inside an insulated volume. The specic heat of steam is 2.02x10^3J kg_1K_1, that of water is 4.19 x10^3 J kg_1K_1 and the latent...

Ok, so I got this question that is about factors affecting the thermal equilibrium of an object when heated when factors are altered. Basically, the setup is that the object is heated (Maybe a glass of water heated) and we are supposed to find out what factors affect the eqm temp of the...

Is it possible for a closed system in thermal equilibrium possesses two regions with different pressures supposing such regions had the same pressure in the past?

Homework Statement A cylinder with its piston locked in place is immersed in ice water. After the gas comes to thermal equilibrium with its surroundings, the piston is unlocked and moved inward very slowly, in such a way that the gas always maintains thermal equilibrium with the ice water...

consider a system composed of a mixture of 2.5 kg of ice and 50 gr of liquid water and a small separate container of finely powdered salt. this physical system is contained in a fully insulated container that prevents all thermal interactions with the environment. both the salt and the ice-water...

What is the common feature for two systems, which are in thermal equilibrium with each other? answer: the same temperature true or false?

How to obtain the density matrix of the following system at thermal equilibrium? Given: Hamiltonian H :(in 4x4 matrix form) Hij = the i-th row and j-th column element of H H11 = (1+c)/2 H22 = -(1+c)/2 H23 = 1-c H32 = 1-c H33 = -(1+c)/2 H44 = (1+c)/2 where c is a parameter and all...

Homework Statement question: b,c,d,e Homework Equations possion's equation The Attempt at a Solution I try to solve the problem 1 of Chap.29 on the text: Solid State Physics,Ascroft & Mermin but when I cannot solve after quesion (a). so, anyone, pls help me or give some...

Homework Statement System A consisting of 10^23 oscillators for which hw=10^-20 J, is in thermal contact with system B, consisting of 2x10^23 similar oscillators. The joint system has internal energy 3x10^3 J. Calculate the number of quanta in A and B, and the temperature, when A and B are...

Hi, I'm currently studying in an introductory semiconductor course where we use the following equations (numbers 1-5 on the first page): http://web.mit.edu/kimt/www/6.012/TheFiveEquations.pdf as a model of the underlying physics. Now, it is claimed that at thermal equilibrium, we can take J_e...

Homework Statement Two objects A and B, with an equal number, N, of molecules are brought into thermal contact. The first has entropy S_A = Nkln(U_A/N) and the second has entropy S_B = 3/2 * Nkln(U_B/N). What is the final temperature? Homework Equations \frac{1}{T} = \frac{\partial...

[SOLVED] bullet speed and thermal equilibrium Homework Statement A 11.7 g lead bullet is tested by firing it into a fixed block of wood with a mass of 1.15 kg. If the block and imbedded bullet together absorb all the heat energy generated and, after thermal equilibrium has been reached, the...

Metal in water thermal equilibrium?? Help Determining temperature of an oven. Guy puts a copper bar with a mass of 5.0 kg in the oven and puts an identical bar in a well-insulated 20.0 liter vessel containing 5.00 L of liquid water and the rest saturated steam at 760 mmHg. Waits until bars...

3) An object of mass m1, specific heat c, and temperature T1 is placed in contact with a second object of mass m2, specific heat c2 and temperature T2>T1. As a result, the temperature of the first object increases to T and the temperature of the second object decreases to T'. a) Show that the...

Sorry to trouble all of you here again, but Imagine that there is 0.50kg of 0 degree ice added to 1kg of boiling water. after a few minutes they achieve thermal equilibrium. however, instead of adding 1kg of boiling water, now I add 2kg of boiling water, keeping the mass of the ice...

I stumbled across this question in one of the physics competition selection test but after thinking like 2 days i still can't figure out homework to solve it. I've been introduced to the equation: entropy, S=Q/T where Q is the heat energy and T is the temperature. Then I've been told that the...

A 3.8 kg block of copper at a temperature of 72C is dropped into a bucket containing a mixture of ice and water whose total mass is 1.2 kg. when thermal equilibrium is reached, the temperature of the water is 8C. How much ice was in the bucket before the copper block was placed in it? (Neglect...

I have been trying to figure this problem out for a while now and get stuck everytime. I do not understand how to go about it. Any help would be greatly appriciated. An aluminum rod and an iron rod are joined end to end in good thermal contact. The two rods have equal lengths and radii. The...

The problem is An aluminum rod with cross-sectional area 0.0400 cm^2 and length 80.00 cm at a temperature of 140.0 Celcius is laid alongside a copper rod of cross-sectional area 0.0200 cm^2 and length 79.92 cm at temperature T. The two rods are laid alongside each other so that they are in...

I would like to do some calculations for the evolution of the temperature of the universe with a homogeneous distribution of light sources in some simple models. For example, starting with the simplest one, consider a universe with an origin of time and with a static space. The integral of the...