Thermodynamic Definition and 502 Threads

There is an air bubble at a certain depth and it's rising to the surface of the water. The temperature of the water is constant at a certain temperature. The gas inside the bubble expands as it rises to the surface, but does the temperature of the air stay the same? Is this an isothermal or...

Homework Statement Consider filling a cylinder of compressed argon from a high-pressure supply line. Before filling, the cylinder contains 10 bar of argon at room temperature the valve is then opened, exposing the tank to a 50 bar line at room temperature until the cylinder reaches 50bar...

Hi I have been learning about the Carnot and Rankine Cycles, where process 4-1 is through a evaporator, process 1-2 a turbine, 2-3 a condensor and 3-4 a compressor. Sketching this on a T-s diagram gives straight horizontal lines for processes 4-1 and 2-3. This is where the heat is extracted...

Homework Statement I am trying to quantify the 2nd Virial Coefficient depending on the temperature w/o using statistical mechanics b/c we haven't covered it yet. Homework Equations p=p_{ideal} [1+B_{2}(T) \frac{N}{V}] p_{ideal}= \frac{N k_{b} T}{V} The Attempt at a Solution Now other than...

I'm an undergrad working on fuel cells for a project and I have been using a book to aid me. There are several equations in the book that were not explained properly so I was hoping someone on this forum could help identify how they were derived. The first 2 is related to the pressure within...

Are all suspensions, emulsions and foam thermodynamically unstable?

Homework Statement The pressure and volume of a gas are changed along a path ABCA in the figure. The vertical divisions on the graph represent 2.5 multiplied by 105 Pa, and the horizontal divisions represent 1.5 multiplied by 10-3 m3. Determine the work done (including algebraic sign) in each...

Maybe this counts as computational physics, or statistics I don't know where this topic belongs. Ok so I have this nice high quality Thermodynamic measurement data and I have to start the "data raping" for results. Let's call the series A(t), and B(t) and I have a few more. So for different...

Do sudden changes occur in thermodynamic systems? If so, when do they occur and why? More specifically: When a system is nearing thermodynamic equilibrium, will the process always be slow, gradual, and uniform; or do sudden changes — sudden jumps — sometimes occur?

Homework Statement An ideal diatomic gas, in a cylinder with a moveable piston undergoes the rectangular cyclic process shown below. Assume that the temperature is always such that the translational and rotational degrees of freedom are active but the vibrational modes are "frozen out". Also...

Homework Statement We mix 0.6 kg of water at a temperature of 25°C with 0.8 kg of alcohol at 30.5°C. They come to equilibrium. (Here's some useful data: The specific heat capacity for water is 1 kcal/kg°C = 4186 J/kg°C, and for alcohol it is 0.58 kcal/kg°C = 2430 J/kg°C What is the change...

Homework Statement A rigid container holds 0.680 g of hydrogen gas. How much heat is needed to change the temperature of the gas From 50 K to 100 K? From 250 K to 300 K? From 550 K to 600 K? From 2250 K to 2300 K? The Attempt at a Solution I calculated the first one using delta E_th =...

Homework Statement Suppose 7.67 kg of molten (liquid) lead at its melting point is poured into 764 g of water at 53.3o C. How much of the water boils? Homework Equations mc(detla T) = m(water)c(detla T). The Attempt at a Solution i m guessing i have to do the dollowing: mc(detla...

Imagine processing the gas clockwise through Cycle 1 and then counterclockwise through Cycle 1. Compare these two processes on the basis of the heat energy transferred to the gas in the entire cycle. Choose the correct comparison symbol. Q_clockwise for Cycle 1 <,=,> Q_counterclockwise for...

Homework Statement A 3000 cm3 container holds 0.10 mol of helium gas at 300C. How much work must be done to compress the gas to 1000 cm3 at constant pressure? How much work must be done to compress the gas to 1000 cm3 at constant temperature? The attempt at a solution W = integration...

Homework Statement Set up thermodynamic cycle for determining the enthalpy of hydration of Mg2+ ions The following enthalpies are given Sublimation of Mg ionization energies of Mg dissociation enthalpy of Cl2 electron gain enthalpy of Cl enthalpy of solution of MgCl2(s) enhalpy of...

Homework Statement A cylinder contains one liter of air at room termperature and atmospheric pressure. At one end of the cylinder is a massless piston, whose surface area is 0.01 m^2. Suppose that you push the piston _very_ suddenly, exerting a force of 2 kN. The piston moves only one...

Homework Statement I'm reading through my textbook and doing examples on polytropic process. I see this step and cannot figure out how the textbook gets V3 = 0.0169 m3 P2V2n = P3V3n (500 kPa)(0.05364 m3)1.2 = (2000 kPa)V31.2 V3 = 0.01690 m3 Homework Equations Not sure what to add...

Homework Statement a) By how much does the temperature of an ideal monatomic gas change in an adiabatic process in which 2.0 kJ of work are done on each mole of gas? b) By how much does the temperature of an ideal diatomic gas (with molecular rotation but no vibration) change in an adiabatic...

Homework Statement One mole of an ideal gas does 3000 J work on its surroundings as it expands isothermally to a final pressure of 1 atm and volume 25 L. Determine a) initial volume and b) Temp of gas Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Well, its isothermal, so Temp is...

Homework Statement hi, can anyone help me with this problem? a motorist equips his automobile tire with a relief type valve so that the pressure inside the tire never exceeds 240 KPA(gage). He starts a trip with a pressure of 200 KPA(gage) and a temp. 23'C in the tires.During the long...

Homework Statement I have filled in a couple of spots as seen below, but I am a little confused as to how to proceed. If I get a good hint on one, I am sure the rest will follow. I think I am overlooking something obvious here. I know that in a cyclic process, all E (internal)...

Starting from the equation dE=tdS-PdV+\mu dN It is straightforward to derive all 8 possible thermodynamic potentials. My question is the following: Why are the only important potentials Entropy Helmholtz free energy Enthalpy Gibbs free energy Grand potential ? Why aren't the other three as...

What kind of thermodynamic process is the compression of a gas when the volume varies reducing it, and the temperature increase, and there is an exchange of temperature with the exterior (the walls of the compressor are refrigerated, but I assume that the gas will increase its temperature a...

Homework Statement If there's a polytropic process (n = 1.51) compressor that compresses air (Ideal Gas) as: In: 100 kPa @ 25c Out: 30 MPa Given Data: Mass (m) = 105 kg, Work done by compressor (W) = 160000 kJ a. What is the exit temperature of the air from the compressor? b. If an...

[SOLVED] Thermodynamic ( quantity of heat) Homework Statement Calculate he quantity of heat that needed to transfer 2,0 kg ice of -10C to steam/vapor of 100C The process in this case take place in a good heat-isolated container with heat capacity of 500J/KgHomework Equations Q=mcT Q+-ml...

A steam turbine in a power plant accepts 4500 kg/hr of steam at 60 bar and 500°C and exhausts steam at 10 bar. Heat transfer to the surroundings (Tsurr = 300K) at a rate of 70 kW. (a) What condition needs to be satisfied for the turbine to generate the maximum possible power? (2 marks) (b)...

the question is in the attachment. All i really want to know is when you have to find the final pressure and temperature do you use the equation p1 v1^k = p2 v2^k where k is the the polytrophic index thanks

[Sorry about the long post] I'm doing an essay where I am exploring whether or not elements were, for the most part, formed under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. We know that some element clearly aren't (such as Potassium 40 and uranium which decay radioactivly). I've scoured the web...

Homework Statement A thermodynamic system changes isochorically from state A to state B where the temperature is greater than state A. The system then expands isobarically to state C where the temperature is greater than state B. From state C the system returns to its original state A linearly...

Homework Statement An air-conditioning system is to be filled from a rigid container that initially contains 5 kg of liquid R-134a at 24 degrees Celsius . The valve connecting this container to the air-conditioning system is now opened until the mass in the container is .25 kg, at which...

Please help... A stationary, un-insulated 2m3 rigid tank initially contains air at 100 kPa and 22oC. Air is available in an attached supply line at constant values of 600 kPa and 22oC. The valve to the supply line is opened and air enters the tank until the tank pressure reaches the...

a cylindrical tank of height 2m with a cross sectional area of 0.5m^2 contains hot water at 80oC , 125kPa.it is in a room with temperature To=20oC , so it slowly loses energy to the room air proportional to the temperature difference as Qloss=CA(T-To) with the tank surface area,A, C is a...

[SOLVED] 2 Thermodynamic questions Homework Statement 1. a) Determine the work done on a fluid that expands from i to f as indicated in picture below. b) How much work is performed on the fluid if it is compressed from f to i along the same path...

I have a question about the deduction of First Thermodynamic Law. The book that I have is written by Paul A. Tipler and Gene Mosca and it is called Physics: For Scientists and Engineers. The way to deduct it is given here: @constant volume, Qv=Cv(T2-T1) Because W=0, E2-E1=Cv(T2-T1)...

An ideal gas originally at a temperature T1 and pressure P1 is compressed recersibly against a poston to a volume equal one-half of its original volume. The temperature of the gas is caried during the compression so that at each instant the relatoion P=AV is satisfied, where A is constant. Find...

1. Homework Statement Two moles of an ideal gas are carried around the thermodynamic cycle shown in Fig. 18-29. The cycle consists of (1) an isothermal expansion A to B at a temperature of 700 K, with the pressure at A given by pA = 9 atm; (2) an isobaric compression B to C at PC = 4 atm...

Homework Statement A 1 mol sample of an ideal gas for which c'V = 3R/2 follows the closed thermodynamic cycle shown in Fig. 18-36. There are three legs in the cycle: an isothermal expansion, A B; an isobaric compression, B C; and a constant-volume increase in pressure, C A. The...

Homework Statement Two moles of an ideal gas are carried around the thermodynamic cycle shown in Fig. 18-29. The cycle consists of (1) an isothermal expansion A to B at a temperature of 700 K, with the pressure at A given by pA = 9 atm; (2) an isobaric compression B to C at PC = 4 atm; and...

Can someone give an example of how to compute the "thermodynamic limit" of some model? I am very confused by this concept.

Hi, after a while of searching through a thermodynamics book and not really finding what I'm looking for I come to you all with my problem :D Here it is: I am required to write a formula which will allow me to determine the outlet temperature of a pipe carrying water for any given flow...

I am looking for a liquid with a high thermal expansion coefficient. This liquid should act as a working fluid in an thermodynamic cycle based on a system where the working fluid act in the same phase (liquid phase) throughout the cycle. So far I have found pentane as one of the most...

If I have some arbitrary Thermodynamic system, and I want to find the equilibrium state what do I do? Lets say that I know Internal energy: U(S,V) Helmholtz free energy: F(T,V) Enthalpy: H(S,P) Gibbs free energy: G(T,P) (I omitted the dependence on particles N) I've been...

Homework Statement consider an ideal rankine cycle with 1 open feedwater heater, the operates at a condenser pressure of 1inch of mercury absolute pressure and a turbine inlet pressure of 950psig and 850 deg F. The cycle produces turbine output power of 30MW. a)draw system diagram---done...

Homework Statement Initially, 0.745 moles of an ideal gas in a container occupies a volume of 3.55 L at a pressure of 3.82 atm with an internal energy of 1705 J. The gas is then cooled at a constant volume until its pressure is 2.06 atm. Then the gas is allowed to expand at a constant pressure...

1. One question ask "Which statement below regarding the First Law of Thermodynamics is best? Select the correct answer." One of the wrong answer is "A system can do work externally only if its internal energy decreases. " What does it mean do work externally? 2. Another question ask...

I have been wondering now for quite some time about the meaning of Euclidean Quantum Field Theory. The Wick rotation t\to it allows us to transform a QFT in Minkowski space to a QFT in Euclidean space (positive definite metric). After that the expectation values of observables can be...

Hi, Homework Statement One mole of a diatomic ideal gas performs a transformation from an initial state for which the temp. and vol. are respectively 291K and 21000 cc, to a final state in which temp. and vol. are 305K and 12700cc - a straight line in the P,V diagram. Find work performed, and...

Homework Statement The question ask to find the final temperature of methane gas that is heated so that its volume increases by 50% using the ideal gas law, and the compressability. The initial conditions are temperature is 300K and pressure is 8MPa. The system is isobaric. Homework...

Hello all This question is probably a bit ridiculous, but here goes: Hypothetically, If any given closed system has obtained absolute zero temp, does any media (time, gravity, events)occur within? Thermodynamically, Wouldn't this be a state of infinite entropy? Can anyone describe such a...