X-ray Definition and 309 Threads

Are gamma rays, x-rays, microwaves, and radio waves considered as light? What about UV and infrared radiation? I'm getting conflicting definitions. They all travel at c (in a vacuum), yes? But does that mean they are all actually light?

Hello, I am running a model in XSPEC: phabs*(pow + cflux*gaussian) on a WSL Ubuntu terminal. The fit output shows lg10flux = -10.0803 which converts to a flux of 8.31189E-11 erg/s/cm^2. This is correct for the gaussian flux contribution. The flux command produces: 0.069691 photons (8.5637e-10...

Hi everyone, I'm trying to download the 4XMM-DR9 EPIC Source Catalogue for some X-ray spectral analysis near black holes. The download links on the XMM-Newton site are broken, and the archive ones are working but the actual download keeps failing before reaching 10% completion (it's a large...

Hello, I'm currently trying to compare theoretical results with an MCNP simulation. I'm using two discrete sets of data, intensity (probability) and linear attenuation coefficient, both functions of energy, to produce an attenuated energy spectrum after x-rays have passed through a thin layer...

F8 tally is pulse height tally use in MCNP. Is it possible to see pulse height vs. time response in MCNP (as we can see on the oscilloscope) of, say, a scintillator detector placed in front of a pulsed X-ray source?

I am now engaged in a study of real solids like Pu and Np. I need some knowledge of the X-ray photoemission spectra. Specifically, I need to understand the sudden approximation, the main and satellite peaks, etc. Is there any good reference on these topics? By the way, I do theory.

Does anyone have experience with radiation doses and measurement units in radiology? I was looking at some DICOM metadata... X-ray image of sinuses that include forehead sinus using Philips DigitalDiagnost C50 "Image And Fluoroscopy Area Dose Product" stood out to me since it is measured in...

Hey guys :) actually my homework was just to research the absorption spectra of some iron compounds and some sulfurus compounds - to which I have the answer. I just dont understand it. In this arcticle, fig 2b: "Phase Composition of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Studied Using Hard X-ray Absorption...

I don't know where is the problem. My supervisor couldn't provide me the actual specification of my X-ray tube. I was asked to simulate the X-ray narrow spectrum beam. I run that code, but it produces nothing. Can anyone help me?

IE = KZ(Em – E) where IE is the intensity of photons with energy E, Z is the atomic number of the target, Em is the maximum photon energy, and K is a constant. As pointed out earlier, the maximum possible energy that a bremsstrahlung photon can have is equal to the energy of the incident...

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Bremsstrahlung-and-characteristic-radiation-spectra-are-shown-for-a-tungsten-anode-with_fig4_8365056 Fast electrons produce X-rays in the anode of an X-ray tube through two different methods. The first one is the interaction of electrons with the nuclei of...

##\require{physics}##I am trying to understand how the Ewald's sphere works in the context of X-ray diffraction (XRD). I am reading from Kittel's book, as well as a few lecture series. Let me first state what I have learnt in this context (please correct me if I am wrong). For any real lattice...

Hello, I need some articles and pictures about secondary particle generation when x-ray(with different energy) collides with silicon and aluminium materials. I am simulating this phenomenon in geant4. I just want to validate my result.

Bragg's law is schematically shown on the picture: Two parallel and plane waves are shown which propagate towards the crystal. For plane waves, wave fronts are flat planes perpendicular to the wave propagation with infinite size. In reality, there are no plane waves. Nevertheless, they are...

Massive stellar pairs spewing X-rays offer a glimpse into the Milky Way's past https://www.space.com/high-mass-x-ray-binaries-birthplace Interjecting - So many things to look at with JWST, we probably need more than just one!

hello i found this equation in a course about x rays , and i couldn't find it anywhere else they said that it is the theoretical expression of the energy spectrum , and dφ/dE is variation of the power emitted by the Coolidge tube as a function of the energy of the x ray. but i didn't understand...

Tentatively, I ask in this forum for a qualitative pointer to what end effects one might expect when a gamma energy photon energizes an atom of a substance, and causes fluorescence. It relates to a practical endeavour about using a PIN diode as an X-ray detector, where the device considered...

I've started adding X-ray to my latest novel, but I can't immediately figure out the benefit to me or readers. On my side, adding peripheral detail to characters and terms triggers a huge amount of work, because I had not elaborated the novel's universe sufficiently to know when everyone is...

https://phys.org/news/2021-11-ultraluminous-x-ray-source-galaxy-ngc.html Spectral and Temporal Properties of Ultra-luminous X-ray Source NGC 55 ULX1 https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.06637 Same paper - https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/mnras/stab3307/6428406 From...

what is fluoroscopy mode in cardiac xray imaging?. simulator shows EP,LF,MF,HI(extra low fluoroscpy, low, medium and highfluoro.what is it actually means?

Hello, I am wondering why in all X-ray diffraction experiments used to probe or know the crystal structure of the solid they assume that the scattering process is elastic, e.g, if an X-ray with wave vector ##k\vec{n}## is incident on a sample, it will diffract with a wave vector ##k\vec{n}'## of...

Hello, I plan to run an experiment using SAXS for in-situ solution phase reaction analysis. We will use a glass micro-fluidic chip due to experimental limitation reasons. I am looking for the optimal path length for these channels (fluid channel depth). My understanding is that we need to...

I've tried to solve this by calculating the number of photons. I've done this by calculating the energy of one photon, taking h*c divided by lambda. h*c is 1240 eV*nm and lambda is 10 nm. This gives me 124 eV. I then divide the total energy by the energy of one photon, 50 keV/ 124 = 403 photons...

I almost always buy food from local market but recently I want to buy some rice (and probably other foods later) overseas which will be imported through our customs, so most likely the food will be scanned through x-ray or other high energy devices that I don't know, could rice grains or other...

Below is the measured values for the Debye rings I obtained. I have to multiply the ratio (which is (sin^2(theta_n))/(sin^2(theta_min))) by a multiplicand until I get an integer. However for the multiplicand and the values I measured I get 1, 3, 13, ??, 4, 8, ??. These should either correspond...

When we shine an X-ray beam on a crystal, according to Van Laue formulation, for a sharp intensity peak to be observed on the screen there is a specific direction ##\mathbf{\hat{n}}## , in which for all the X-rays with wavelength ##\lambda## and wavevector...

I found my energies for Potassium. I have 3.3 KeV for the k alpha nd 254.6 ev for L alpha, using z=19 and n=3. Are these values correct? Edit: I found the ratio to be .077

Hi I have a question. I don't know from which formula I can get the answer. I'm looking for in different books and papers but I did not find. I'm very appreciate if someone kindly guide. Regards, For an X-ray mask, what should the thicknesses of the silicon membrane and absorbers (gold or...

Overview of thread: 1. Quick derivation of bragg scattering 2. Discussion of modern xray experiments as they relate to bragg/fraunhofer 3. Summary of points. Bragg/von Lau Scattering: (I will be following Ashcroft if you want to sing along, pg 98-99) Imagine you have light incident on some...

Does anyone know the energy distribution of highly charged ions in solar wind or other astrophysical context?

I know you can use Moseley's law to calculate K Alpha X-ray energy. Can this law be used to calculate the K Beta energy? $$ \Delta E = (-13.6eV)(Z-1)^2\left(\frac{1}{n_{1}^2}-\frac{1}{n_{2}^2}\right) $$ I saw on http://minerva.union.edu/labrakes/PIXE_Physics100_Lecture3_F14.pdf that they use...

I read the "J. Phys. Chem. B 2018, 122, 7616−7624" paper where they calculated the pair distribution function using wide-angle X-ray scattering and mentioned the term " The distances to the first coordination shell for low-, high-, and very-high-density amorphous ice (LDA, HDA, VHDA) were...

Hello, During the procedure of radiography using x-rays, scatter radiation occurs, due to the difference in densities of the object being radiographed. That scatter radiation causes fogging (noise) of the film, i.e. the contrast of the film is reduced due to extra darkening of some areas of...

I am confused with the Kvp and Kep. I know that In the x-ray tube, after heating the filament and the electron cloud if formed, then the step-up transformer is going to increase the voltage and reduce the current to produce a high potential difference to that electrons will accelerate from the...

Hey, I want to try to estimate the Roentgens/sec from an X-Ray tube. Here are my calculations, which I talk through so that I am not just throwing equations at you. I would be grateful if someone could comment if they are about right. Stage 1: Estimation of emitted X-Ray strength Assumed: 1...

I'm reading about x-ray diffraction in the context of crystal structure determination. Usually this discussion begins with Bragg's law, $$2d\sin\theta=n\lambda,$$ where ##\theta## is the angle of incoming and "reflected" x-rays. This is the bit that bothers me. I understand that the...

Hi, I know the material being studied is FeCO3.H20 (hydrated siderite) and the wavelength for a D2 diffractometer with a Co tube is 1.79026. In order to use Bragg's Law to calculate the peak positions, I think I need to first calculate d using the equation with the Miller indices and a which...

I'm conducting a research about making a electron gun. I first tried to detect electron using nuclear emulsion plate. But I couldn't purchase one near my town. So, instead, I'm thinking about using a x-ray film to detect electron. But I'm not sure it'll work. SO, IS IT POSSIBLE TO DETECT...

Summary: How can I know the effects of ions on my coating using Raman and XPS? Hi! So I'm working on my thesis regarding surface morphology of Zn doped HAp coating. Now, my goal is to know the effects of Zn ions on the surface morphology of my coating using raman and xps. Jowever, I do not...

Hi there, Was just wondering if anyone knew of any good freeware for generating X-ray spectra from a standard Tungsten anode that you might see in medical radiography? Would be good if it could export data as well, but yeah and just wanting something that can potentially generate the spectra...

To give context: A friend of mine took an x-ray of his thoracic spine because he's feeling pain in that region. I think he's going to show the x-ray to the doctor this week. I, as a physics student, was asking myself, what can be seen through an x ray. In the case of my friend, it's unlikely...

I was reviewing an old topic for me that's x-ray diffraction, and one doubt I always had in my mind arised again. When introducing the Bragg's law, the typical explanation is that the x-ray waves reflecting in two adjacent planes interfere with each other, leading to a fully constructive...

Hello, I have a question about this optics related problem. The distance between atomic planes in calcite is 0.30 nm. what is the smallest angle between these planes and an incident beam of 30pm x-rays at which diffracted x-rays can be detected? Thank you so much for the help guys!

i know that x-rays are produced when a beam of high energy electrons hits a metal anode but why does that work better than when that same beam hits glass (like in the Crookes tube)? Thanks

Hi I hope I'm not posting under the wrong forum but I'm pretty sure this is physics related. If you go to have an X-ray, in the film there will be information detailing the dosage you just received. However I encountered a rather unusual one like this: 70kV 100mAs 100mS -- dGycm2 El_s:300 As...

Dear all, I would like to simulate X-ray tube and check the dose rate in the room. My problem is when I simulate 80kV electrons bombard to the tungsten target, there is just a few photons coming out from the tube window. And the dose rate at 1m from the tube is nearly zero which is impossible...

Homework Statement The Attempt at a Solution Hi All, I have two issues with this question. First of all when I put the given values into the Bragg condition for diffraction I get two different wavelengths when the question implies there is only one. Secondly, I don't know how I can...

Homework Statement Consider interactions of a X-ray beam at a depth, x, within a material. The flux density is: density flux = $$\frac{I}{A}$$ where I is the intensity of the beam that cross a unit area A at right angles to the beam. Let dx be a small slice at the depth x and let dI(x) be the...

Homework Statement A radiographer in a hospital directs a parallel beam of X-Rays at the leg bone of a patient. The attenuation coefficient of bone is 0.7cm-1. To 1 sig fig. what is the intensity of X-Rays transmitted through bone of thickness 0.7cm? Homework Equations I = I₀e-μx Where I is...

I don’t understand why do we use power in this experiment. If we use powder, the d spacings of each crystalline will be oriented randomly, why won’t the angle of reflection changes? I don’t understand the idea of using powder in the experiment. Thank you so much