Amplitude of small oscilliations

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In summary, the amplitude of small oscillations for the bob is x0 and for the cart is y0, with a pivot length of l. To find the maximum velocity of the bob relative to the Earth, take the derivatives of the functions x=x0sin(wt) and y=y0sin(wt) to get velocity as a function of time. Use the law of cosines to add the two velocity vectors, taking into account the angle between them determined by the length of the pivot. Use the equation 2π√(L/g) for angles less than 15 degrees to calculate the period of the pendulum. Take the second derivative to determine when the velocity is at its maximum and then plug that time into the
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funoras
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Homework Statement


http://img717.imageshack.us/img717/418/unlednsf.th.png
The amplitude of small oscilliations for the bob is x0, and the amplitude of small oscilliations for the cart is y0. The length of the pivot is l . What is the maximum velocity of the bob relative to the Earth ?


Homework Equations


x=x0sin(wt)
y=y0sin(wt)

The Attempt at a Solution


I tried taking derrivatives of the functions stated above, thus finding velocity as a function of time, and then adding those two velocity vectors using the law of cosines. (The length of the pivot is needed for finding the angle between the vectors)
 
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  • #2


also remember that for angles under 15 i think degrees the way to calculate period of the pendulum is 2piesqrtL/g which means that x can=x0sin(w2piesqrtL/g)

since the same can go for the cart y=y0cos(w2piesqrtL/g)

if you derive the two, you get the equation to find the velocity of each individually

therefor dy/dt= -y0 times 2pie sqrt L/gsin(w2piesqrtL/g)
and dx/dt= x0times 2piesqrt L/g cos(w2piesqrtL/g)

find the resultant vector, plug in for L, g and w and you should get the right answer.
 
  • #3


oh and another thing you probably have to do is find the second derivative to tell you when the velocity is a maximum. I forgot about that. once you know that time plug into resultant velocity equation to get max velocity.
 

FAQ: Amplitude of small oscilliations

What is the amplitude of small oscillations?

The amplitude of small oscillations refers to the maximum displacement of a system from its equilibrium position during one cycle of oscillation. It is typically represented by the symbol "A" and is measured in units of length, such as meters or centimeters.

How is the amplitude of small oscillations related to the energy of a system?

The amplitude of small oscillations is directly proportional to the energy of a system. This means that as the amplitude increases, so does the energy, and vice versa. This relationship is described by the equation E ∝ A², where E is the energy and A is the amplitude.

How does the amplitude of small oscillations affect the period?

The amplitude of small oscillations does not have a direct effect on the period. The period, or the time it takes for one complete oscillation, is determined by the mass and stiffness of the system. However, a larger amplitude may result in a longer period due to the increase in energy and therefore a slower rate of oscillation.

Can the amplitude of small oscillations change over time?

Yes, the amplitude of small oscillations can change over time. This is known as damping, which is the gradual decrease in the amplitude of oscillations due to the dissipation of energy. Damping can occur through various mechanisms, such as friction or air resistance.

How is the amplitude of small oscillations affected by the initial conditions of a system?

The initial conditions, such as the starting position and velocity, can affect the amplitude of small oscillations. For example, if a system is given an initial displacement, the amplitude of oscillations will be larger compared to if the system was initially at rest. However, the amplitude will eventually decrease over time due to damping.

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