Change in energy of a capacitor

AI Thread Summary
A 2.1 aF capacitor with a net charge of 0.5e is analyzed for the energy required to add one electron. The energy formula used is U = Q^2 / 2C, leading to a calculation showing that the energy change (ΔU) is zero after adding the charge. This result raises questions about the physical interpretation of a non-integer charge, which can occur due to polarization effects in the capacitor's materials. The discussion emphasizes the need to consider voltage changes before and after adding the charge to understand the energy difference. The conversation highlights the complexities of working with fractional charges in capacitors.
HunterDX77M
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Homework Statement


A 2.1 aF capacitor has a net charge of 0.5e (a positive charge, the symbol e is taken as a positive number 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb). What is the energy needed to add one electron (charge -e) to this capacitor?


Homework Equations


Energy in a Capacitor:
U = Q^2 \div 2C

Where U is the energy, Q is the charge and C is the capacitance

The Attempt at a Solution


The initial charge is +0.5e and after adding a charge of -e, the final charge would be -0.5e.
To find the energy needed:
\Delta U = U_f - U_i \\<br /> = \frac{(Q_f)^2 - (Q_i)^2}{2C} \\<br /> = \frac{(-0.5e)^2 - (0.5e)^2}{2C}<br /> = 0

Squaring the initial and final charge results in positive e/4 and subtracting these values of equal magnitude gives 0. But having 0 energy change doesn't make sense to me. What am I doing wrong here?

Thanks in advance for any help
 
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HunterDX77M said:
A 2.1 aF capacitor has a net charge of 0.5e (a positive charge, the symbol e is taken as a positive number 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb).
So on its plates this capacitor is storing a charge difference of half an electron?
 
NascentOxygen said:
So on its plates this capacitor is storing a charge difference of half an electron?

This is indeed the problem as my Professor wrote it.
 
After asking him about it, my Professor responded:

"The non integer charge can come from polarization of the metal piece by an electric field, that slightly moves the position of many charges."

If that helps.
 
What is the voltage on the capacitor before and after adding the charge e? What then is the difference in energy?
 
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